Sun Joo Jang

Aim: Conducting a concept analysis of caring partnerships can enhance understanding and communication among professionals and aid in perceiving and measuring the concept. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the concept of a caring partnership in nursing based on Newman's health as expanding consciousness theory. Design: Concept analysis. Review Methods: The eight‐step approach of Walker and Avant's concept analysis was employed to explore the caring partnership concept, including its definitions, defining characteristics, antecedents, consequences and empirical referents through a comprehensive literature search. Results: The identified defining attributes—presence, mutual trust and connectedness—describe a caring partnership as a meaningful connection between a nurse and a client. A caring partnership serves as a nursing intervention wherein a nurse assists a client in navigating difficult situations to find meaning, fostering an expansion of consciousness for both. Conclusions: Recognising these attributes enhances nurses' understanding of caring partnerships, offering a rationale for their application in research and clinical practice. This study provides theoretical evidence for research on caring partnerships as well as the implementation of the concept in clinical practice. Implications for the Profession: This study is novel in that it provides theoretical evidence for research on caring partnerships as well as the implementation of the concept in clinical practice by defining it based on Newman's health as expanding consciousness theory. Impact: Subsequent studies should develop instruments for measuring caring partnerships and education programs that enhance caring partnerships, considering the attributes and definitions of the concepts derived in this study. Reporting Method: We have adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution.

Background: Stress, arising from the dynamic interaction between external stressors, individual appraisals, and physiological or psychological responses, significantly impacts health yet is often underreported and inconsistently documented. When documented, stress-related information is often captured as unstructured narrative text, limiting systematic assessment, secondary use, and computational analysis. Purpose: This study aimed to develop a mental stress ontology and to explore the feasibility of using a Large Language Model (LLM) to extract and structure stress-related information from narrative text in an ontology-guided manner. Methods: Mental Stress Ontology (MeSO) was developed using Protégé by integrating theoretical frameworks on stress with concepts derived from 11 validated stress assessment instruments. MeSO was evaluated for content coverage using additional concepts collected from 58 text sources and for structural quality using the OntOlogy Pitfall Scanner! (OOPS!) and the Protégé Debugger. A mental health expert provided an overall qualitative evaluation of the ontology. Ontology-guided extraction of stress-related information was performed on 35 Reddit posts using an LLM (Claude Sonnet 4) and MeSO for six categories of stress-related information including stressor, stress response, coping strategy, duration, onset, and temporal profile. Human reviewers assessed the appropriateness of the extracted information and MeSO coverage of the identified stress concepts. Results: The final ontology included 181 concepts across eight top-level classes. Human reviewers identified 220 extractable stress-related items from 35 Reddit posts. Ontology-guided extraction using an LLM resulted in 172 correctly extracted items (78.2%), with 27 items (12.3%) misclassified and 21 items (9.5%) missed. Of the extracted items, 22 represented numeric stress duration values and were excluded from ontology-based concept mapping. Of the remaining 150 items, 120 were successfully mapped to MeSO. Conclusion: This study provides initial evidence that ontology-guided large language models may facilitate the structuring of stress-related information from narrative text, offering a foundation for future research toward systematic stress assessment and documentation.

Unlike overt bullying or violence, incivility refers to subtle and recurring behaviors that undermine others’ dignity. As a pervasive yet frequently

Background: Although colleague solidarity among nurses supports mutual assistance and knowledge sharing, the psychological characteristics associated with it remain insufficiently understood. Aim: To examine the associations of shame‐proneness, guilt‐proneness, and mentalization with colleague solidarity among nurses in South Korean tertiary general hospitals, adjusting for demographic and work‐related characteristics. Methods: A cross‐sectional online survey was conducted from October 27 to December 31, 2025, with 223 nurses recruited by convenience sampling, of whom 205 working in South Korean tertiary general hospitals were eligible and analyzed. Participants completed the Test of Self‐Conscious Affect‐3 Short Form, Mentalization Scale, and Colleague Solidarity Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, zero‐order and partial correlations, and hierarchical multiple regression adjusting for demographic and work‐related covariates, with multiple imputation for two missing item responses. Results: In the final model (adjusted R ² = 0.22), mentalization ( β = 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.11, 0.46], p = 0.001) and guilt‐proneness ( β = 0.16, 95% CI: [0.04, 0.29], p = 0.007) were positively associated with colleague solidarity, whereas shame‐proneness was negatively associated ( β = −0.25, 95% CI: [−0.40, −0.09], p = 0.002). The associations of mentalization and guilt‐proneness with solidarity were consistent across sensitivity analyses, whereas the association of shame‐proneness was not significant after adjustment for externalization and detachment tendencies. Conclusions: Nurses with higher mentalizing capacity and greater guilt‐proneness reported stronger colleague solidarity. Mentalization and self‐conscious emotional tendencies therefore merit attention as individual‐level correlates of solidarity, alongside organizational conditions. Implications for Nursing Management: Nurse managers could support colleague solidarity by promoting reflective practice that strengthens perspective‐taking and by helping nurses distinguish guilt about a specific action from self‐directed shame, within psychologically safe relationships. Such mentalization‐informed and shame‐sensitive approaches should be developed and evaluated alongside organizational improvements.

Background: Nurses experience professional bereavement—distinct grief reactions following patient deaths that differ fundamentally from familial bereavement; however, existing measurement tools lack specificity for assessing these unique professional experiences. Purpose: This study aimed to validate the Korean version of the Professional Bereavement Scale, which comprises two subscales: Short‐term bereavement reactions (SBR) and accumulated global changes (AGC). Methods: Data from 340 nurses working for at least one month in tertiary hospitals in Korea were used in this study. The content, construct, convergent, discriminant, and criterion validities were evaluated. Cronbach’s α and intraclass correlation coefficients were also evaluated to determine reliability. Results: Three factors with 17 items were identified for SBR, whereas three factors with seven items were identified for AGC. The validity and reliability of the scale were acceptable. Cronbach’s α was 0.91 for SBR and 0.65 for AGC. The intraclass correlation coefficients for SBR and AGC were 0.83 and 0.81, respectively. Conclusions: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Professional Bereavement Scale; the SBR was found to be a valid and reliable tool, whereas the AGC requires further validation. Implications for Nursing Management: The Korean version of the Professional Bereavement Scale was validated in this study. This enables nurse managers to systematically assess professional bereavement among nurses in a Korean context, thereby facilitating the early identification of grieving nurses and the development of targeted support interventions to improve their well‐being and reduce burnout.

Background: Open disclosure of patient safety incidents (PSIs) is essential for patient safety, but organizational silence may inhibit nurses from speaking up. However, the influence of ethical competence on the perception of open disclosure and the role of organizational silence remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationships among nurses’ ethical competence, organizational silence, and perceptions of open disclosure in PSIs and whether organizational silence mediates the effect of ethical competence on perceptions of open disclosure. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey of 303 nurses in South Korea measured their ethical competence, organizational silence, and perceptions of open disclosure. Data were collected between October 14 and November 8, 2024, via an online nursing community. Multiple regression and mediation analyses were used to test for direct and indirect effects while adjusting for covariates. Results: Ethical competence was significantly associated with lower organizational silence and higher open disclosure perception, whereas organizational silence was associated with lower open disclosure perception. Mediation analysis confirmed that organizational silence had a significant indirect effect. Conclusions: Higher ethical competence is linked to lower organizational silence and greater support for the perception of open disclosure. Enhancing nurses’ ethical competence and reducing silence may foster a more transparent patient safety culture. Implications for nursing management: Nurse managers should strengthen nurses’ ethical competence, encourage open communication to reduce silence, and promote transparent disclosure of PSIs.

Purpose: We identified factors influencing workplace bullying (WPB)—personality traits and organizational culture—among nurses working in adult ICUs at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Additionally, supplementary questions and in‐depth interviews were used to explore nurses’ organizational culture improvement needs. Background: Nurses, under pressure to provide high‐quality care, are frequently exposed to WPB and experience higher peer bullying rates than other professions. As WPB increases turnover and negatively affects organizations, addressing this issue is imperative. Methods: This mixed‐methods study involved nurses working in intensive care units of a tertiary hospital. Quantitative self‐reported data were collected from 161 nurses between June 29 and July 14, 2022, covering pathological narcissism, perfectionism, dark personality traits, and WPB experiences. Qualitative in‐depth interviews were conducted with 21 nurses (10 with less than 5 years’ experience and 11 with 5 or more) and analyzed phenomenologically. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that WPB experiences were significantly influenced by positive organizational culture, pathological narcissism, and dark personality traits. Qualitative data analysis identified three key theme clusters: “discomfort between novice and experienced nurses,” “demand for strong sanctions against WPB,” and “appeal to improve human infrastructure and the work environment.” Conclusion: Lower levels of positive organizational culture, higher levels of pathological narcissism, and more pronounced dark personality traits were associated with more severe WPB experiences. Considering individual personality traits and the lack of a culture of mutual consideration and respect as causes of WPB, it is evident that both individual and organizational efforts are necessary to improve the situation. Implications for Nursing Management: Understanding the WPB challenges faced by novice and experienced nurses is crucial. Addressing their specific needs requires concrete and tailored interventions. As advocated by nurses, strong WPB eradication policies must be established, alongside improvements in working conditions to alleviate nurses’ workload.

The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the developmental outcomes and caregiving burdens of the children and adolescents that have parents diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Following the Cochrane Handbook and the PRISMA guidelines, five electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) were systematically searched for studies published between January 2015 and December 2024. Eight quantitative studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesised descriptively. The findings revealed that the children and adolescents of parents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders had a significantly higher risk of adverse outcomes across multiple developmental domains. They showed increased vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections, teenage pregnancies, and chronic diseases. Cognitive impairments, including poor working memory, processing speed, learning, and emotional recognition, were reported. Emotional and behavioural problems such as anxiety, depression, aggression, and low self‐esteem were more frequent, while social difficulties included poorer peer relationships, lower academic achievement, and an increased likelihood of out‐of‐home placement. However, evidence regarding caregiving burdens, such as parentification or role reversals, was scarce, despite the potential relevance to this population. The review also determined that factors such as sex, age, family environment, and socioeconomic disadvantage amplified children and adolescents' vulnerabilities. In conclusion, the children and adolescents of parents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders face multidimensional developmental challenges; however, research on their caregiving burdens remains insufficient. Longitudinal studies across diverse populations are needed to clarify the long‐term effects. The development of reliable tools to measure caregiving burdens is warranted. Interventions considering sex, age, and contextual factors, together with integrated family‐centred support, are crucial for promoting resilience and reducing risks in these children and adolescents. Trial Registration: PROSPERO database (CRD42025640649)