Lulu Gao

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the safety and analgesic efficacy of pre‐mixed nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture treatment of pain induced by dressing change for perianal abscess.Design: This protocol is a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial.Methods: This study will be implemented in the Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Subjects enrolled in this study are hospitalized patients who suffered from moderate to severe pain due to dressing change after incision and drainage. Two hundred patients will be selected and randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control group. The intervention group will get routine pain treatment plus pre‐mixed nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture treatment and the control group will be treated with routine pain management plus medical air treatment. All these patients, medical staff and investigators are blind to the nature of the gas in each cylinder, which is randomized. Data will be collected at baseline (T0), 5 min (T1) after the starting of intervention and 5 min post intervention (T2) for each group. The primary outcome is the level of pain relief at T1 and T2. The secondary outcomes cover physiological parameters, adverse events, satisfaction of patients and health professionals and the acceptance from patients.Discussion: Results of this study will be discussed and the safety and effect of nitrous oxide/oxygen treatment of pain induced by dressing change will be proven.Impact: When the finding of this study has an active effect on the treatment of pain caused by dressing change, it may provide more options for nursing staff to choose nurse‐led analgesia techniques and then improving the level and quality of pain care as well as patients’ overall satisfaction with the Anorectal Department in China.

Agriculture sustainability assessment is conducive to promoting sustainable agriculture construction and sustainable development. Modern agriculture and modern small-peasant production have different requirements for agriculture sustainability. Related studies provided assessment frameworks for many parts of the world. However, existing frameworks have distinct limitations and are not applicable to modern small-peasant economy (MSE) areas, such as China. The purpose of this study is regarding China as an example to construct a healthy farmland system assessment framework (HFSAF), to assess smallholder farmland systems’ sustainability. HFSAF’s theoretical basis, indicator system, data preparation methods, multi-level aggregation rule and results description method are presented in this paper. HFSAF is a multi-level indicator system with adjustable parameters, covering environment, economy and society aspects, including three dimensions, nine visions, 15 themes and 40 basic indicators. Taking Da’an City, Jilin Province, China as the study area to implement HFSAF. The assessment results prove HFSAF can be used to assess agricultural sustainability in MSE areas with limited agro-resource supplies, to assist the sustainable decision-making and regional agriculture remold.

The new-shoot-growing stage is an important period of apple tree nutrition distribution. The objective of this study is to provide technical support for apple tree nutrition diagnosis by constructing quantitative evaluation models between the apple leaf nitrogen content during the new-shoot-growing stage and characteristic spectral parameters. The correlation coefficients between the original spectral data and the nitrogen content were calculated. Then, the sensitive bands of the nitrogen content were selected using the theory of two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy. Finally, partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector machine (SVM) evaluation models were established using 2 parameters: Rx (maximum spectral reflectivity in the waveband) and Sx (total spectral reflectivity in the waveband). The results showed that the sensitive bands in the 2D correlation synchronous and asynchronous spectrograms were 537–560 nm and 708–719 nm. The PLSR model can be used to estimate the nitrogen content. Compared with PLSR, SVM provided better modeling and testing results, with a larger coefficient of determination (R²) and a smaller root-mean-square error (RMSE). The SVM model based on Sx was a good backup method. The calibration R² of the model was 0.821, its RMSE was 0.710 g·kg^-1, the validation R² was 0.768, and its RMSE was 1.019 g·kg^-1. The SVM model based on 2D correlation spectroscopy can be used to quantitatively estimate the nitrogen content in apple leaves.