Shuxin Zhuang

Structural health monitoring (SHM) platforms that serve bridge networks run two kinds of analytics on a shared processing cluster: latency-critical assessment of event-triggered records and deadline-tolerant automated operational modal analysis (OMA) of periodic ambient records. The resulting load follows traffic, synchronized acquisition cycles and regional excitation events, so static provisioning and utilization-driven autoscalers either keep many servers powered without need or let capacity lag behind urgent work. This paper presents EASE, an energy-aware autoscaler that sizes the processing service from four runtime signals with distinct roles: the sensor-data arrival rate drives a tail-latency queueing feed-forward for event records; queue length and deadlines give an earliest-deadline-first (EDF) rate requirement for routine records; observed processing latency corrects model mismatch; and resource idle time, combined with the break-even time of measured server power states, governs node power-down. A slack-sharing capacity rule lets deferrable OMA work occupy the headroom that the latency objective of event records requires. Service demands are measured by executing a real SHM pipeline (frequency domain decomposition and covariance-driven stochastic subspace identification with jackknife uncertainty bounds) on Z24 bridge records, arrival intensity follows measured highway traffic, and energy is computed from audited SPECpower_ssj2008 power measurements instead of utilization. In 24hour scenarios with about 12.5 million jobs per day, EASE consumes 4.7-6.7% less energy than the strongest of six baselines, including Kubernetes HPA, KEDA and AutoScale, under low, medium, high and storm loads, and 20.3% less under synchronized uploads, while keeping the 99th-percentile latency of event records below 0.71 s against a 2-s objective and meeting every OMA deadline. On a modern energy-proportional server EASE operates within 3.5% of the work-proportional energy bound, whereas utilization-based estimates would overstate its savings by up to 52 percentage points.

Silicon‐carbon anodes offer high capacity for lithium‐ion batteries, yet their cycling stability is limited by repeated solid‐electrolyte‐interphase (SEI) rupture during drastic volume changes. Herein, we introduce a NaNO ₃ ‐DMSO additive into a conventional LiPF ₆ /carbonate electrolyte to construct a durable LiF/NaF–N‐rich interphase on a porous silicon‐carbon composite (Si@pSC) through a dual‐ion cooperative mechanism. We reveal that DMSO enables NaNO ₃ incorporation while preserving the carbonate‐rich Li ⁺ primary solvation sheath, with Na ⁺ strongly associating with PF ₆ ⁻ and NO ₃ ⁻ undergoing early interfacial reduction to seed nitrogen‐containing inorganic species. This dual‐ion synergy reconstructs the conventional carbonate‐containing SEI by incorporating LiF/NaF nanocrystalline domains and nitrate‐derived N‐containing species, thereby limiting persistent parasitic interfacial reactions while providing accelerated Li ⁺ transport pathways. Consequently, the optimized electrolyte enables Si@pSC half‐cells to deliver 365 mAh g ⁻¹ after 1000 cycles at 1 A g ⁻¹ , LFP||Si@pSC full cells retain 85.6% capacity after 1000 cycles at 2 C, and NCM811||Si@pSC full cells retain 95.4% capacity after 500 cycles at 2 C. Theoretical calculations further reveal that Na incorporation expands the fluoride lattice framework and lowers the Li ⁺ migration barrier from 0.56 to 0.42 eV. This dual‐ion interphase reconstruction strategy offers a practical pathway toward durable Si‐based anodes.

Due to the intrinsic low conductivity and inherent Jahn-Teller effect of Mn3+, the olivine structure LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 cathode material has a poor rate performance and unsatisfactory cycle life, which seriously hinder its application. Herein, the rigid planar isophthalic acid (C8H6O4) as a novel carbon source could be effectively converted to a continuous thin carbon coating wrapped on the LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 surface by the rheological phase method. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations proved that C8H6O4 molecules were apt to self-assemble each other into a molecular network structure driven by hydrogen bonds and then anchored onto the surface of LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 through carboxyl groups. After calcination, the molecular layer was in situ transformed into a uniform and continuous thin carbon coating. The carbon coating not only could significantly improve the kinetics of electron/ion transport, but also acted as a physical barrier to inhibit Fe/Mn dissolution, which could significantly enhance the structural stability of LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 matrix, resulting in the prominent rate performance and prolonged cycling life. The optimal LFMP-1 exhibited an outstanding discharge capacity approximately 110.01 mAh/g at 0.5 C with a capacity retention rate of 85.91% after 500 cycles much higher than 60.90% of the uncoated LFMP. This study investigated the mechanism that C8H6O4 molecules were converted in situ on the surface of LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 into a conformal thin carbon layer and the role of this carbon layer in optimizing electrochemical performance, providing insights for the development of high-performance cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Although lithium‐ion batteries are widely recognized as a new generation of energy storage devices, their large‐scale application is severely hampered by their low energy density and restricted cyclic stability. Herein, an ingenious dual‐modified interface, where the F‐doping and fluorocarbon coating co‐existed on Li[Ni _0.8 Co _0.1 Mn _0.1 ]O ₂ surface, is rationally constructed to elevate its energy density and structural stability attributed to F ⁻ grafting between the bulk material and the coating utilizing a robust super‐conformal fluorocarbon coating structural framework and more stable F‐doped system under high charge/discharge cut‐off voltage. In comparison with a single carbon‐coated modified Li[Ni _0.8 Co _0.1 Mn _0.1 ]O ₂ , the dual‐modified sample overcomes the fatal disadvantage of carbon coating stripping during long‐period cycles ascribed to the “TM‐F‐multifunctional coating” connector which firmly combines the bulk material with the coating with a strong interaction force, exhibiting a more stable‐reversible structure and excellent comprehensive electrochemical performance under high cut‐off voltage. Concomitantly, the F‐transition metal bonds with stronger bond energies improve its structural reversibility during the processes of charge/discharge under high voltage. Furthermore, the fluorocarbon coating enhances its charge transfer ability and effectively restrains the interfacial side reactions. Additionally, the climbing nudged elastic band methodology is used to calculate the diffusion energy barrier of lithium‐ions in the matrix material, which confirms the fundamental reason for its superior lithium‐ion diffusion ability. The high pseudocapacitance contribution ratio is perfectly explained by calculating the adsorption capacity on the surface of the dual‐modified sample. Consequently, experiments and theoretical calculations unequivocally confirm its distinguished electrochemical properties under high cut‐off voltage.

Truncated octahedral spinel LiMn₂O₄ achieves remarkable electrochemical properties but Mn dissolution in the long-cycle process, especially at high temperatures, still cannot be avoided.