Gregory A. Goodwin

The Grand Canyon geologic field photograph collection contains 1,211 geotagged photographs collected during 43 years of geologic mapping from 1967 to 2010. The photographs document some key geologic features, structures, and rock unit relations that were used to compile nine geologic maps of the Grand Canyon region published at 1:100,000 scale, and many more maps published at 1:24,000 scale. Metadata for each photograph include description, date captured, coordinates, and a keyword system that places each photograph in one or more of the following categories: arches and windows, breccia pipes and collapse structures, faults and folds, igneous rocks, landslides and rockfalls, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks, sinkholes, and springs and waterfalls. Original photograph slides are available at the Northern Arizona University Cline Library Special Collections and Archives.The Geologic Field Photograph Map of the Grand Canyon Region, 1967–2010, is an interactive online map application that shows clusters of photograph thumbnails and popup windows that scale as users pan, zoom, and click around the map. The photographs can be filtered by category, searched based on date range, description, and keywords, and (or) downloaded. All information populated within the map is served from a ScienceBase record of the Grand Canyon field photograph collection that can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WS8SHW.

In response to the Deputy Commanding General for Initial Military Training, new marksmanship strategies for Infantry One Station Unit Training (OSUT) and Basic Combat Training (BCT) were compared. OSUT Soldiers scored significantly higher than BCT Soldiers on Record Fire and Combat Field Fire (CFF) with the difference being substantial on CFF. The OSUT CFF scores supported the advanced rifle marksmanship (ARM) strategy which included different scenarios and more ammunition than the BCT ARM strategy. Results also supported the use of combat gear by OSUT in basic rifle marksmanship (BRM). Round allocation for grouping and zeroing was inadequate with 5-round shot groups. Overall, the Practice Record Fire and Record Fire patterns showed that Soldiers benefitted from Practice Record Fire. Equipment and time limitations hindered the ability to fully train optics for BCT Soldiers, and to train night fire with aiming lights and night vision goggles for both BCT and OSUT Soldiers. Soldiers also indicated they needed more training with this equipment. The CFF hit standard in the marksmanship FM was validated. Current and prior research on 3-and 5- round shot groups showed that similar numbers of shot groups were required to group and zero regardless of shot group size.

Previous research examining the ability of neonatal rats to adapt to repeated isolation demonstrated that an opioid-dependent decline in ultrasonic vocalizations occurred across a series of isolations (Goodwin, Molina, & Spear, 1994). These findings were expanded in the present study. In the first experiment, the decline in vocalization rates was found to result from the release of endogenous opioids throughout the series of isolations. Although naltrexone attenuated the decline in calling rates relative to vehicle-treated subjects, there was still a significant decline in calling rates following opioid receptor blockade. In the second experiment, two injections of naltrexone did not attenuate the decline in calling rates any more than a single injection did, suggesting that there must also be some nonopioid process that modulates this decline. In both experiments, activity levels and, in the first experiment, the amount of body heat lost in the repeatedly isolated subjects declined in a nonnaltrexone reversible manner. In a final study, after calling rates had been suppressed by a series of isolations, a brief exposure to the mother was found to restore baseline calling rates, suggesting the decline is not the consequence of fatigue. The attenuation of vocalization rates, activity, and loss of body heat are adaptive responses of infant rats to isolation; however, of these three, only the attenuation of vocalization rates is consistently modulated by the release of endogenous opioids. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 31: 217–227, 1997