Sukjin Jung

Urban sound events in Indonesian cities, particularly Sound Horeg, generate amplified sound and low-frequency vibration that challenge environmental quality, public health, and the design of event spaces. Aims: This systematic literature review examines architectural and electroacoustic interventions that can mitigate urban noise while sustaining the cultural use of temporary celebration spaces. Methodology and results: A comprehensive database search using VOSviewer criteria identified relevant works on electroacoustic interventions in festive or transitory architectural environments from 2014 to 2025. These projects showed the use of modern electroacoustic technologies and modular, adaptive pavilion designs for real-time acoustic modulation. Context-specific techniques for sustainable, culturally appropriate soundscapes included noise mitigation, community engagement, and respect for local traditions. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: The findings enhance occupant acoustic comfort in celebratory spaces while preserving cultural values and advancing the integration of electroacoustics and architecture. The insights promote inclusive, safe, and resilient urban event spaces and support Sustainable Development Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities).

This study provides fundamental data for optimal planning by analyzing key factors influencing microclimate and building energy loads. * to provide fundamental data for optimal planning. A total of 11 apartment layout types, including tower-type, flat-type, and mixed-type configurations, were analyzed using ENVI-met simulations. The results indicate that layout types significantly influence microclimate and energy consumption. Tower-type layouts enhanced wind flow, reducing surface temperatures and cooling loads. In contrast, dense flat-type layouts restricted airflow, leading to heat accumulation and increased cooling energy demand. Mixed layouts exhibited varied effects depending on the proportion of open spaces and high-density clusters. Additionally, south-facing layouts optimized solar radiation, reducing heating loads, whereas east–west-facing layouts experienced imbalanced solar exposure, increasing cooling demand by 15–20% in the summer. Horizontal parallel and staggered layouts improved ventilation efficiency and mitigated heat accumulation, making them effective strategies for enhancing microclimate and reducing energy consumption. This study confirms that apartment layout planning plays a crucial role in microclimate regulation and energy efficiency. The findings can guide architectural strategies to improve thermal comfort and reduce building energy consumption.

Urbanization can increase artificial coverage rates and emissions by causing increases in traffic, which represents a serious health risk to pedestrians. To create pedestrian-friendly environments in urban canyons, this study examined their microclimates and air quality; methods to improve the pedestrian environment were also explored, based on the current street green space practices in Seoul, Korea. Under these current standards, the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) of the pedestrian roads was predicted to decrease by 1.29–1.44 °C, but this was insufficient to adjust the thermal stress level. The air temperature of the pedestrian road declined slightly; fine dust concentrations increased, and ozone concentrations decreased. The effects of increasing the planting occupancy on the pedestrian environment were then simulated, which resulted in decreases in PET of 3.04–3.49 °C, depending on the floor area ratio, thereby effectively lowering the thermal stress stage. The particulate matter concentrations increased, however, and the air quality deteriorated. Therefore, street greenery planning alone cannot sufficiently improve both the microclimate and air quality of urban pedestrian roads. Thus, it is necessary to plan street greenery spaces in parallel with measures to improve air quality.

Air pollution, such as particulate matter (PM), and extreme weather are causing increasingly complex problems and socioeconomic damage in urban environments year-round. This study predicts extreme weather and air pollution changes that occur in urban street canyons as the basic data necessary for research on energy conservation. Changes in PM and microclimate elements based on the change in floor area ratio are analyzed. In addition, the effects of microclimate elements on the distribution of PM factors are examined. Based on the change in floor area ratio, high-concentration PM was negatively correlated with PM_2.5, PM₁₀, O₃, NO₂, NO_x, T_a, T_mrt, and T_surface. Extreme heat was observed to be negatively correlated with T_mrt and T_surface, and extreme cold negatively correlated with PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, and NO_x. The higher the floor area ratio, the higher the wind speed (WS), indicating a positive correlation between the two factors. T_a, T_mrt, and T_surface were observed to be negatively correlated with PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, and NO_x. WS showed negative correlations with PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, and NO_x. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the derivation of evaluation indices and to determine prediction and response strategies with respect to a combination of extreme weather and air pollution to ensure a suitable and sustainable quality of life. This study helps predict energy loads according to urban street canyon structures and examines whether trees and green walls are effective in reducing extreme weather and air pollution and saving energy.

Urbanization has intensified population concentration, and the quality of residential environments has deteriorated owing to the accelerated construction of high-rise and high-density buildings. In this study, a quantitative analysis is conducted regarding the natural lighting and outdoor thermal comfort of apartment complexes, and satisfactory improvement measures for both factors are investigated. Natural lighting and outside microclimate modeling simulations and statistical analyses are performed on 27 cases using the layout planning factors of an apartment complex. In addition, outdoor thermal comfort analysis is performed by applying heat island mitigation factors (greening and reflective asphalt pavement) to cases satisfying the condition of daylight factor (DF ≥ 75%). To improve natural lighting, the azimuth (correlation coefficient −0.812) should be considered, and to improve outdoor thermal comfort, the aspect ratio should be considered (−0.402). The results of applying heat island mitigation factors suggest that greening can improve outdoor thermal comfort to a greater extent than reflective asphalt pavement. The significance of this study is that the measures to improve residential comfort have been determined by considering the factors affecting the residential environment.

To solve some of the problems associated with changing urban climates, such as the heat island effect, the exterior building skin and ground surfaces should be analyzed because they are directly exposed to the outdoor climate and have the greatest impact on energy consumption. Research is needed to identify design factors to improve the effect of a building’s skin in the outdoor summer season’s thermal environment. In this study, the current conditions of outdoor thermal environments were identified by conducting field measurements at an apartment housing complex. A simulation analysis was conducted based on cases that included different design factors for a building’s skin and ground surfaces. When the significance probability of the design factors for the surface plans for apartment buildings and surface cover was analyzed based on the Taguchi experimental design method, the window plan and surface cover plan influenced the outdoor thermal environment. Notably, the surface cover plan had the most significant impact on the outdoor thermal environment. The result of the analysis of the correlation between the design factors for an apartment complex’s surface plans and outdoor thermal environment indices showed that the window plan correlated with the entire surface temperature of building and heat island potential (HIP).

Economic growths lead to population increases in large cities. This has brought about the growing necessity for apartment housing which has resulted in higher density populations living in high-rise apartment complexes. Therefore, the urban microclimate is aggravated due to the increasing ratio of artificial coverage and substandard daylight availability. To achieve a comfortable living environment and improve urban microclimates, a process considering the daylight availability and the outdoor thermal environment is required when designing apartment housing complexes. This study selected a total of 27 valid cases using an orthogonal array, L₂₇(3¹³) design of experiments (DOE). As a result of significance probability obtained in DOE analysis, the design factors that have an effect on the outdoor thermal environment and daylight availability were found to be building coverage ratio, distance between buildings, and azimuth. The rankings of the effect of design factors were shown to be in the order of azimuth > building coverage ratio > distance between buildings > floor area ratio > width/depth ratio. The surface temperature of the whole building decreased by 0.3 °C and Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) decreased by 1.1 °C as a result of applying the greenery coverage ratio to apartment complexes. Heat Island Potential (HIP) also showed a decrease of 5.4 °C (at noon).