David Escudero

El Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS) es hoy una de las metodologías que mejor refleja el compromiso de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid con una formación que va más allá de lo académico. A través de ella, estudiantado, profesorado (PDI) y personal técnico de gestión y de administración y servicios (PTGAS) tienen la oportunidad de aplicar sus conocimientos en contextos reales, contribuyendo al mismo tiempo a dar respuesta a necesidades de la sociedad. Desde su creación en 2019, la Oficina de Aprendizaje-Servicio de la UPM impulsa la incorporación de esta metodología en las distintas escuelas y centros de la universidad, promoviendo la colaboración con entidades sociales, administraciones públicas, asociaciones, fundaciones, centros educativos y organizaciones del tercer sector. Este trabajo ha permitido consolidar numerosas iniciativas que reflejan el potencial del ApS para conectar universidad y territorio. La convocatoria anual de proyectos de ApS constituye una de las principales herramientas para fomentar estas iniciativas. Los proyectos desarrollados durante el último curso han permitido abordar desafíos relacionados con la inclusión social, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la accesibilidad, la educación, la salud y otros ámbitos estrechamente vinculados con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible y la Agenda 2030. Esta tercera edición del e-book Experiencias de Aprendizaje-Servicio Universitario recoge algunos de estos proyectos, cuyos artículos se han organizado en torno a seis grandes ámbitos de actuación: la formación, la cultura y la concienciación; la sostenibilidad ambiental y la transición ecológica; el territorio, la ciudad y el patrimonio; la justicia social, la inclusión y la equidad; la innovación tecnológica con impacto social; y la salud, el bienestar y los entornos saludables. Esta agrupación permite ofrecer una visión estructurada de las principales líneas de trabajo en las que el ApS está contribuyendo a generar impacto desde la UPM. Cada una de las experiencias presentadas evidencia cómo el conocimiento generado en la universidad puede ponerse al servicio de la sociedad, favoreciendo al mismo tiempo un aprendizaje más significativo, comprometido y transformador para el estudiantado. Estos proyectos son el resultado del esfuerzo conjunto de profesorado, alumnado, PTGAS y entidades colaboradoras, y muestran la capacidad de la universidad para contribuir con soluciones innovadoras a problemas reales. Queremos expresar nuestro más sincero agradecimiento a todas las personas que han hecho posible las experiencias recogidas en esta publicación. Su dedicación, entusiasmo y vocación de servicio constituyen el mejor ejemplo de cómo la universidad puede contribuir activamente a la construcción de una sociedad más inclusiva, sostenible y justa. Confiamos en que esta nueva edición sirva para dar visibilidad a estas iniciativas, inspire a nuevos equipos docentes, estudiantes y personal de la universidad a incorporar el Aprendizaje-Servicio en sus actividades, y contribuya a seguir fortaleciendo esta comunidad comprometida con la innovación educativa y el impacto social.

This article proposes a critical review of the role of representation in the affective bonding of communities with their landscapes in the region of Madrid: intangible cultural values linked to the creation, transformation and post-occupation of places, realities that defy the aesthetic or the geographical, or presences of the intangible, among others. To do so, it uses the idea of everyday heritage as a lens to reflect critically on the potential of representation —especially visual— in the consolidation of emotional, aesthetic and sensitive ties that transcend the community and that can elevate certain landscapes to the category of cultural property. Are there exceptional everyday experiences (perhaps, an oxymoron)? Is it possible to point out shared features or elements that generate similar affections? Or, following the approaches of the European Landscape Convention, can such everydayness remain so? Should it? Have they always been so?

Nos movemos por un consumo responsable de agua . Red de actores y recursos agroecológicos metropolitanos. ApS UPM. Impacto de la formación en eficiencia energética contra la Pobreza Energética en barrios desfavorecidos de Madrid aplicando la metodología de Aprendizaje y Servicio, ApS . Resiliencia en contextos de cooperación desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar. Más claro, agua. Educación y gestión sostenible del agua en tiempos de emergencia climática. Ecología a pie de patio (EPP) . Desarrollo de herramientas inclusivas para personas con discapacidad cognitiva en las pruebas sensoriales de consumidores (INCLUSENS). Puesta en valor del paisaje de la vega del Jarama mediante la implementación de infraestructura verde urbana de Titulcia. ApS en la Educación para la Sostenibilidad: Aplicaciones del caucho reciclado en la Construcción. Salvemos Rioseco. Estudio para la recuperación parcial del claustro de la hospedería del monasterio Santa María de Rioseco (Burgos). ApS-UPM “Repensar los barrios de Madrid”: La universidad como actor urbano . Healthy Environments in Health Centers – HE-HC-Sanitas-UPM . Envolventes biosolares en los mercados municipales de Madrid . Plan de Ciudad Saludable para el CEIP “Tomás Bretón” y su Barrio de proximidad . Ecolíderes Sorolla-ETSEM: Fomentando la Eficiencia Energética y la sostenibilidad en el Distrito Salamanca a través de la Educación para Adultos . Refuerzo de viviendas humildes de adobe con fibras vegetales para atenuar su vulnerabilidad sísmica . Madrid con Ciencia”: Paseos para descubrir nuestro pasado científico. Los principios de Inversión Responsable en la agricultura y los sistemas alimentarios desde el Proyecto la Gran Recogida de la Federación Española de Bancos de Alimentos . Aprendizaje y servicio en los huertos urbanos, colaborando con familias en riesgo de exclusión social. Renaturalización de los patios escolares del Centro de Educación Infantil y Primaria (CEIP) Joaquín Dicenta, Madrid.

As a second stage of the exploration proposed in Chapter 5, this chapter reflects on material not commissioned nor produced by each neighborhood’s architects in which the projects were depicted: publications in magazines (especially in Casabella-continuità), documentaries, and films. Then, a critical discussion reveals how these projects were not only represented in this way because of what the architecture was like, but actively, representation was indispensable to their significance. That is to say, the representation of these projects did not arise to illustrate, define, or narrow down a concept—that of ‘neorealist architecture’—but contributed to its creation, endowed it with aesthetic content, and fixed it in the visual context of the phenomenon, in its visual archive. In other words, in origin, this representation did not refer to a recognized and defined concept or current, something which, moreover, it never was, but rather the phenomenon occurred in the opposite direction: it was these visual documents which framed the projects within the imagery of neorealism, through a shared aesthetic.

This chapter explains how architecture itself manifested the neorealist environment. To do so, it uses the INA-Casa social housing program, the most ambitious that took place in Italy in those years. Specifically, it reveals how neorealism penetrated the INA-Casa program’s architecture during its first settennio (1949–56), both in its written regulations (in a theoretical form) and in the architecture that it promoted (in a built form). This is done by means of an analytical study of the first two manuals of technical guidelines for the program, paying particular attention to the graphic work done earlier by Adalberto Libera, the first director of the program’s technical office.

Architecture absorbed images from neorealism as it defined its aesthetic project, and its resulting constructed forms in turn gave back new images to the neorealist environment. This reciprocity shaped a diffuse but consistent imagery that was condensed into a few works but that also presented as a traveling, transversal, and branching phenomenon that infiltrated, crossed, ennobled, or maybe even sullied some works of Italian architecture of the dopoguerra. Based on these resolutions, some topics are addressed in this epilogue: what made it possible for images to interweave in a shared imagery? How did this visual archive work so as to interrelate works and to relate to other artistic expressions in neorealism? And inversely, in what way did architecture permeate the images of neorealism and shape its commitment to personalization? Finally, how did a phenomenon mainly driven by cinema expand to become integral to expressions about architecture?

This chapter explores the extension of the neorealist environment to the field of architecture. It first examines the complex and controversial concept of neorealism by avoiding a single definition and taking an approach that incorporates many voices: film directors, script writers, art and architecture writers, historians, and philosophers, among others. This leads to an understanding of neorealism not as an exclusively cinematic phenomenon but as a climate set in the period in which it emerged, the dopoguerra. Then, it presents seven housing projects in order to reveal some linkages to neorealism: the Quartiere Tiburtino in Rome, the Villaggio La Martella in Matera, the towers in Viale Etiopia in Rome, the Quartiere INA-Casa in Cerignola, Foggia, the Quartiere San Basilio in Rome, the Quartiere INA-Casa in Cesate, Milan, and the Quartiere Tuscolano II in Rome.

This chapter and the following one expose the role of representation in the link between architecture and neorealism, through the imagery made up of the sum of images of the architectural projects as a visual archive, as a projective form that created the web of images of neorealism in architecture. Their goal is to provide a frame for this visual archive through visual documentation, and analyze it in aesthetic terms in order to establish links between the documents themselves, as well as with the projects they represent and, inevitably, with the environment in which they arose. To do so, this chapter starts exploring a wide selection of visual material produced or commissioned by architects in which the projects were depicted: drawings and photographs. This primary source material shows analogous resources, recurring elements or common concerns and interests, after the images were produced or captured: in other words, they reveal a cultural construct of the neorealist atmosphere within the framework of a shared aesthetic.

Both INA-Casa manuals published during the first settennio were at once a reflection of, and a vehicle for, the rhetoric that accompanied the neorealist environment in its aspiration to explore the sensibilities of the everyday. They led to take into consideration the ‘human aspect’ and recalled that ‘housing is, above all, the place in which a family lives’, so architects had to ‘think about the problem and feel it’. In this way, the INA-Casa manuals put the physical and psychological condition of their protagonists (characters in films, inhabitants in architecture) at the center of their design criteria. They raised everyday life to the level of aesthetic experience. This chapter problematizes three deeply correlated conditions, transversal to the art forms of neorealism and present both in the INA-Casa manuals and, as a consequence of their application, in its architecture: the spontaneity of spaces that ‘emerged’ rather than were ‘projected’; the profound concern with the ‘problem of dwelling’ (abitare) that structured the program; and an anonymity transversal to the program, the manuals, and the projects.