Pri Hermawan

Electric vehicle (EV) adoption in emerging economies is shaped by interacting technical, economic, institutional, and behavioral factors. In Indonesia, despite substantial fiscal and non-fiscal incentives, EV adoption remains below 1% of vehicle sales, reflecting persistent misalignment among government targets, industry capabilities, and consumer acceptance. Existing studies tend to analyze these challenges in isolation and rarely integrate behavioral and institutional dimensions within a single coherent framework suited to such "wicked" policy problems. This study is conceptual and methodological in nature. Through a systematic literature review (SLR) of 81 articles, supported by a System of Systems Methodologies (SOSM) analysis and refined by a pilot workshop with Indonesian experts, it develops an integrated problem-structuring framework. The review indicates that Problem Structuring Methods, particularly Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), remain underutilized in emerging-economy transport policy. On this basis, the study proposes a six-stage integration protocol that positions SSM as the methodological backbone, complemented by Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT), Principal-Agent Theory (PAT), and Strategic Choice Approach (SCA), spanning problem exploration, innovation analysis, incentive mapping, conceptual modeling, uncertainty management, and implementation strategy. The framework offers a structured way to combine interpretive, behavioral, institutional, and strategic perspectives while maintaining theoretical coherence. Its applicability is illustrated through an exploratory application to Indonesia's EV charging-infrastructure policy, with broader empirical validation identified as a priority for future research.

PT Black Energy has infrastructure on both the mining side includes a total of 5 Coal Handling Facility (CHF) systems, and the unloading terminal side includes the Kertapati dock and the Tarahan port. To increase coal transport volume by 2026, adequate infrastructure development is needed by adding more CHF on the mining side and for the unloading terminal side, which will involve adding more unloading terminals. The maintenance department is tasked with maintaining the CHF system. Meanwhile, to carry out its maintenance activities on the existing CHF system, the maintenance department is currently facing an issue with a shortage of supervisors. The maintenance department must develop new strategy to optimize its performance in maintaining the existing 5 CHF systems while also preparing to accommodate the addition of CHF 6 & CHF 7 in 2026. This research was conducted using secondary data from maintenance department documentation studies and primary data through interviews with Subject Matter Expert. Value-Focused Thinking (VFT) method was used to identifying and describing values and objectives that are used as the foundation to generating alternatives and attributes for decision making process. Decision making to select the best alternative was conducted using Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) which will evaluate and compare alternatives with multiple attributes involved while each attribute represents a different aspect or criteria that matters in the decision. The research result show that CHF system focused maintenance model is the best alternative to respond additional CHF 6 & CHF 7 operations in 2026 where each Assistant Manager for mechanical and electrical maintenance division will be responsible for a specific CHF system. This research supports the maintenance department in solving the issue of manpower shortages that will inevitably occur in 2026. Keywords: Decison Making; Value-Focused Thinking (VFT); Simple Multi Attribute Rating; Technique (SMART)

PT Borneo Indobara (PT BIB) is a coal mining company facing a critical challenge: its current coal reserves of 641 million tons will be depleted by 2035, while its operational permit extends until 2036. To address this, PT BIB aims to acquire an unclaimed corridor area adjacent to its Kusan Girimulya Bawah pit, which could provide additional reserves. This study evaluates three acquisition alternatives using the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) to determine the optimal option based on cost, reserve volume, operational feasibility, and regulatory compliance. The research employs qualitative methods, including interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations, to gather data on technical and economic factors. Findings reveal that Option 1–acquiring the corridor area without joint operations–offers the lowest cost ($31.29/t), operational simplicity, and sufficient reserves (3.63 million tons) to extend mining operations until 2036. Despite yielding fewer reserves than other options, it minimizes regulatory hurdles and operational disruptions. The study concludes that Option 1 is the most viable solution, balancing reserve acquisition with cost efficiency and operational flexibility. Implications include recommendations for revising feasibility studies, ensuring equipment capacity, and securing forestry permits to facilitate implementation.

This systematic literature review examines the adoption of green growth practices at small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), synthesizing findings from 56 peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2024. The study explores key dimensions of green growth, including environmental innovation, circular economy practices, and green financial management across various sectors and geographical regions. The analysis reveals a progressive shift in SMEs’ sustainability practices, from initial awareness to ecosystem development, influenced by factors at the macro, meso, and micro levels. Key drivers identified include government policies, market pressures, and technological innovations, while primary barriers encompass financial constraints and knowledge gaps. The research highlights emerging trends such as the integration of digitalization, circular economy models, and green finance in SMEs’ sustainability efforts. Additionally, it uncovers significant research gaps, particularly in understanding the long-term impacts of green growth initiatives and the role of resilience in post-pandemic recovery. This study concludes by proposing a future research agenda focusing on themes like AI-driven business model innovation, blockchain in green finance, and cross-sector policy harmonization. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, business leaders, and researchers in fostering sustainable practices across the SME sector.

Bakso Benhil Purwokerto, a micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) established in July 2024, faced challenges in achieving sales targets, with a decline in sales in the third month since opening. This research uses SWOT-TOWS and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodologies to identify and prioritise strategic solutions to increase revenue and ensure sustainable business growth. The SWOT analysis highlighted strengths such as strategic location in the student culinary area, variety of high-quality meatball products, and halal certification. However, weaknesses such as limited digital promotion and customer knowledge were also found. External opportunities include the trend of digitalisation of MSMEs and the increasing demand for convenience food among students, while threats include fierce competition and fluctuating raw material prices. By integrating these factors in the TOWS matrix, strategy alternatives were formulated and prioritised using the AHP method. The most optimal strategy is to increase digital marketing, including the development of engaging social media content, collaboration with local influencers, as well as promotional programmes on online ordering platforms. This strategy aims to expand market reach, increase brand awareness, and ultimately increase business revenue. This research provides a strategic framework that can be applied by businesses in the food and beverage industry.

In today's rapidly evolving business landscape, the significance of digital transformation for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) cannot be overstated. CV Karya Makmur, an Indonesian automotive repair shop, stands at the forefront of this change, recognizing the urgent need to incorporate advanced Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) into its operations. This transformation is not just about adopting new technologies; it is a comprehensive shift that redefines how the business interacts with customers, optimizes operational processes and improves its overall financial health. The journey of CV Karya Makmur highlights the broader implications of digital transformation in this sector. This case study delves into the multifaceted process of integrating technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance service efficiency, tackle logistical hurdles, and improve access to vital information. Yet, the transition from conventional practices to a digital framework is fraught with obstacles, primarily due to resistance to change. Effective change management, focusing on the human elements of organizational transformation and employee engagement, is pivotal. CV Karya Makmur's experience underscores the critical need for digital systems that promote data-driven decisions, standardize operations, and facilitate better communication. Despite the initial challenges, the potential benefits—increased productivity, reduced operational costs, and a competitive edge in the market—are compelling. This study suggests that considering an organization's unique context and objectives, a tailored digital transformation strategy is essential for leveraging technology to enhance business outcomes in developing countries like Indonesia.

Public transportation is vital for addressing urban mobility challenges and reducing traffic congestion. To improve public transportation systems and encourage usage, understanding commuter behavior, attitudes, and preferences is crucial. This research aims to identify commuter segments based on demography, attitude, and behavior, and determine their future intentions towards public transportation. Data was collected from 257 respondents residing in the Greater Jakarta area, encompassing Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi, through an online survey. Segmentation was achieved using factor analysis and cluster analysis. The analysis identified three distinct commuter segments with varying behavior, attitude, and perception towards public transportation. The first group, Affluent Men, preferred private vehicles but expressed environmental concern and openness to adopting new technology. They showed eagerness to utilize high-quality public transportation services like the MRT. The second group, Millennial "Rokers," primarily relied on public transportation, seeking convenience, shorter travel durations, and reduced risk. The final group, "Easy Going and Active Women," had no specific preference for public or private transportation as long as they could reach their destinations quickly. However, they had significant health concerns, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Surprisingly, all three segments demonstrated similar future intentions towards public transportation usage post-pandemic, posing governance challenges in promoting public transportation and integrating transport systems in Jabodetabek. This paper contributes by integrating behavior, demography, and attitudes to build the segmentation, examining their reactions to the pandemic and intentions towards public transportation. The findings have implications for policymakers and practitioners, requiring tailored policies and interventions for different segments.