Eylem Cagiltay

Background: Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid dysfunction, and current evidence suggests that it increases the risk of osteoporosis in these patients. Assessing the level of osteoporosis awareness and understanding among hypothyroid patients is an important requirement for implementing preventive interventions to maintain bone health.Methods: Thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels were recorded along with the patients’ demographics. Osteoporosis awareness was assessed with the osteoporosis awareness scale (OAS), and knowledge level was assessed with the revised osteoporosis knowledge test (R-OKT). Health beliefs related to osteoporosis were evaluated using the osteoporosis health belief scale (OHBS).Results: The median (interquartile range) values for OAS and R-OKT of 348 patients were calculated as 66.0 (32.0) and 9.0 (5.0), respectively. Female patients had higher OAS scores (P<0.001), OHBS benefits of exercise (P=0.002), and calcium intake (P<0.001) subscores compared to males. The distribution of OAS, R-OKT, and OHBS total and susceptibility scores differed significantly across education categories (P<0.001). The linear regression model revealed significant predictors of OAS score variation, including gender (β=-0.27, P<0.001), education (β=0.09, P=0.045), and osteoporosis knowledge (β=0.49, P<0.001).Conclusions: Patients with hypothyroidism, particularly males and those with lower educational attainment, lack adequate knowledge and awareness regarding osteoporosis. To better comprehend and manage osteoporosis, targeted educational initiatives are required for this vulnerable group.

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) results from various elements which cause immune system tolerance failure and innate immune system activation and improper immune system signal transmission. Research has examined separate elements of these mechanisms, but scientists have not fully grasped how these components work together through genetic and functional processes. This study investigated how specific genes which control immune tolerance and innate immunity and cytokine receptor signaling and development affect autoimmune thyroid disease.A targeted gene-centered in silico approach was applied to analyze AIRE, IFNAR1, IFNAR2, IFNGR2, IL10RB, TLR7, and TBX1. Functional interaction networks were constructed using GeneMANIA and STRING databases. Functional enrichment analyses were performed using Gene Ontology, KEGG, and Reactome pathway databases. Tissue-specific gene expression patterns were assessed using bulk RNA sequencing data from the GTEx database. Network analysis revealed a modular organization, with cytokine receptor–related genes forming a densely connected signaling core, while AIRE and TBX1 occupied distinct subnetworks reflecting immune tolerance and developmental roles, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted pathways related to immune regulation, innate immune response, and cytokine-mediated signaling. Tissue expression analysis demonstrated widespread expression of receptor genes with variable tissue-specific distribution, supporting receptor-level modulation of immune responsiveness. This research evidence supports a complex system which explains autoimmune thyroid disease through the interaction of immune tolerance systems and innate immune perception and receptor-based immune responses which develop during early life stages. The proposed framework enables scientists to study autoimmune thyroid disease immune system imbalance while helping them create new laboratory tests and medical trial designs.

Nörodejeneratif Hastalıklarda Sirtuinler ve Mitokondriyal Aktivite Yasemin ATICI Zeynep ÖKTEN Sara KASEBİ Lipit Metabolizmasının ve Apolipoproteinlerin Alzheimer Hastalığına Etkisi Buse SEMERCİ ARIKAN Mehmet ERDEM Tuğba Raika KIRAN Alzheimer Hastalığının Patofizyolojisi ve Oksidatif Stres Yasemin ATICI Abdullah Kaan YAĞIZ Berat AKTOLUN İnme Biyobelirteçleri Yeşim GÜVENÇ DEMİRAĞCI Kanserde Terapötik Hedef Olarak Axl Reseptörü ve Axl İnhibitörleri Hatibe KARA Prostat Kanseri Biyobelirteçleri Gamze GÖK Otoimmün Tiroid Hastalıkları ve Tiroid Fonksiyon Testleri Yavuz ELBAŞ Eylem ÇAĞILTAY Paraoksonaz Enzim Ailesi Enzimlerinden Homosistein Tiyolaktonaz, Paraoksonaz ve Aril Esteraz Aktivitelerine Genel Bir Bakış Neslihan CİHAN ÇALIŞGAN Gül KIRTIL Mehmet ŞENEŞ Doğan YÜCEL

Background/aim: Nonalcoholic fatty liver is one of the most common forms of liver disease and role of microRNAs (miRNAs) on this illness is currently unclear. It was aimed to evaluate the predictive role of circulating miR-33a and mir-200c on high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-induced fatty liver and vitamin D3 supplementation-related hepatic changes. Materials and methods: Twenty-four rats were randomized into three groups: sham (n = 8), experimental fatty liver group (n = 8), and fatty liver + vitamin D3 supplementation group (n = 8). In the treatment group, 10 µg/kg/week of vitamin D3 was given by orogastric tube weekly for 4 weeks in addition to a high fructose diet. Serum AST, ALT, TNF-?, and MDA levels were tested. Liver tissue samples were examined using hematoxylin/eosin, periodic acid-Schif (PAS) and Masson?s Trichrome staining. Circulating miR-33a and mir-200c were quantified by qRT-PCR method. Moreover, in silico analyses were accomplished. Results: In the vitamin D3 group, results of biochemical parameters were significantly different than those of the fatty liver group (p < 0.001). Moreover, significant differences in serum levels of circulating miR-33a and mir-200c were identified among all groups (p < 0.05). Finally, more favorable histopathological changes were noticed in the vitamin D3 supplementation group. The expressions of Ki67 were also considerably reduced in the vitamin D3 group. According to KEGG pathway analysis, mir-33a and mir-200c were found to play a common role in the Hippo signaling pathway, lysine degradation, and protein processing. Conclusion: Our current experimental fatty liver study showed that, in a specified dose, vitamin D3 supplementation could alleviate adverse undesirable hepatic effects of HFCS via miR-33a and mir-200c.

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory event of the pancreas which may affect seriously all other tissues and organ systems. Generally, acute pancreatitis is induced by alcoholism or gallstones. However pathogenetic mechanisms of drug induced pancreatitis are not clearly understood. A minocycline derivative, tigecycline is a glycylcycline class of antibiotic which is structurally similar to the tetracyclines. It has perfect tissue and organ distribution and favorable microbial coverage, including many kind of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and also anaerob agents. Tigecycline’s side-effect profile is similar to the tetracyclines. Pancreatitis is a well-known adverse effect of tetracyclines. However, tigecycline-induced pancreatitis is an uncommon side-effect. We report here a rare case of tigecycline-induced pancreatitis during the treatment of a diabetic food infection.

Insulin-induced hypoglycemia has been demonstrated to prolong the corrected QT (QTc) interval. Prolongation of the QTc interval, especially in diabetic patients using insulin, can cause fatal ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of metoprolol, diltiazem, and pilocarpine on hypoglycemia-induced QTc prolongation. Thirty male rats were randomly distributed into the following five groups: Group 1 (1 mL/kg saline, n=6), Group 2 (40 U/kg crystalline insulin + saline, n=6), Group 3 (40 U/kg crystalline insulin + 1 mg/kg metoprolol, n=6), Group 4 (40 U/kg crystalline insulin + 0.8 mg/kg pilocarpine, n=6), and Group 5 (40 U/kg crystalline insulin + 2 mg/kg diltiazem, n=6). Three hours after insulin injection, the blood glucose level was measured in all groups. Blood glucose <40 mg/dl was defined as hypoglycemia. Electrocardiograms (ECG) were taken in lead I (DI), and QTc was calculated by using Bazett’s formula. Group 2 (insulin + saline) showed that it had a significantly prolonged QTc interval as compared to the control group (p<0.0001). However, treatments of the rats with metoprolol, pilocarpine, and diltiazem significantly prevented prolongation of the QTc interval as compared to the insulin + saline group (p<0.005, p<0.005, and p<0.01, respectively). The findings of the present study demonstrated the efficacy of metoprolol, pilocarpine, and diltiazem in the prevention of hypoglycemia-induced QTc prolongation in male rats.

Giriş: CTLA-4 (sitotoksik T-lenfosit ilişkili antijen 4) geni, immünoglobulin gen süper ailesinin bir üyesidir ve T hücrelerine inhibe edici bir sinyal ileten proteini kodlamaktadır. Son günlerde immün kontrol noktası olan CTLA-4 geni araştırılan genler arasındadır. Bu çalışmada amaç; CTLA-4 geninde oluşan çeşitli polimorfizmlerin, CTLA-4 geni ile benzer genlerin Otoimmün Tiroid Hastalığı (OTH) patogenezine katkıda bulunabileceğini in silico olarak değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda CTLA-4 geni ile benzer genleri bulmak için GeneMania ve STRING veri tabanları, tek nükleotid polimorfizmlerini (SNP’leri) bulmak için Polyphen2, Exome Variant Server ve SIFT veritabanları, mikro RNA’ları tespit etmek için; miRDB ve miRWalk veritabanları kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmamızdan elde ettiğimiz verilere göre; FYN geninin OTH’nın patogenezine katkıda bulunabileceğini, CTLA-4 geniyle ilişkili (rs201778935, rs138279736, rs369567630 ve rs376038796) şüpheli SNP’lerin olduğunu tespit ettik. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda 31 miRNA’nın mesajcı RNA’ların protein üretmesini düzenleyici rol üstlendiğinden, terapötik açıdan önemli olduğunu düşünmekteyiz. Biyoinformatik yöntemlerle değerlendirdiğimiz bu çalışma, ilerde laboratuvar ortamında uygulanarak, birçok hastalığın patogenezinin aydınlatılmasına katkıda bulunabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.

Nowadays, obesity and related comorbidities like type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome are considered one of the medical challenges of the 21st century. Even with the rise of bariatric and metabolic surgery, obesity and metabolic syndrome are reaching endemic proportions. Even in 2020, obesity is still a growing problem. There is increasing evidence that next to bariatric surgery, exercise interventions in the perioperative period could give extra beneficial effects. In this regard, effects on anthropometrics, cardiovascular risk factors and physical fitness. The aim of this review is to summarise effects of preoperative and postoperative exercise, tools for screening and directions for future research and implementations.

Perioperative Exercise Therapy in Bariatric Surgery: Improving Patient Outcomes [Corrigendum]