Fang Wang

Single‐mechanism hydrogel sensors struggle to simultaneously recognize static/dynamic pressure, map spatial patterns, and decode complex signals, while integrating dual‐mode (e.g., piezoresistive/piezoionic) sensing, mechanical robustness, and environmental resilience remains challenging. Herein, we develop a multifunctional interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel, p(AM‐co‐AA)/chitosan (CS), reinforced with lignin nanoparticles and a ternary supramolecular ionic liquid. Fabricated at room temperature via redox‐initiated polymerization and dynamic imine crosslinking, the hydrogel features synergistic hydrogen bonding and metal‐ligand coordination. This architecture delivers 14.8 MPa compressive strength, autonomous self‐healing (S _max = 19.91 kPa ^{− 1} ), an ultrabroad pressure detection range (100 Pa to 10 MPa), and a pronounced piezoionic response. The sensor enables real‐time handwriting recognition, secure Morse code transmission, and high‐resolution spatial mapping via flexible arrays. This scalable strategy advances robust hydrogel e‐skins for complex mechanical signal perception across diverse environments.

To achieve functional applications of bamboo fiber (BF) composites, this study innovatively proposed a multi-pathway biomineralization strategy inspired by biomimetic mineralization techniques. It successfully achieved in situ mineralization of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), calcium oxalate (CaC2O4), and calcium phytate (PA-Ca) on delignified BF, and further prepared inorganic-organic hybrid composites by combining them with waterborne epoxy resin (WEP). The results demonstrate that compared to unmodified composites, the biomimetic mineralization strategy successfully achieves synergistic improvements in flame retardancy, mechanical properties, and dimensional stability. However, the three mineralization pathways exhibit distinct emphases in enhancing material performance: the CaC2O4 mineralized composites demonstrate the most outstanding flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties, achieving a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 27.8% and significantly reducing heat release and smoke emission rates. The CaCO3 mineralized composites demonstrate superior mechanical reinforcement, with flexural strength increasing by 37%. The PA-Ca mineralized composites exhibit particularly remarkable water resistance improvement, reducing water absorption by 41%. This study confirms that targeted optimization of composites properties can be achieved by selecting specific mineralization pathways, offering an approach for preparing high-performance, eco-friendly flame-retardant biomass composites.

Zinc stearate serves as a crucial industrial additive; however, conventional synthesis processes are hindered by significant bottlenecks, including high energy consumption and environmental pollution, failing to meet the demands of sustainable development. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes and experimentally validates, for the first time, a surfactant‐enhanced hydrothermal synthesis strategy. Reaction conditions were systematically optimized via single‐factor experiments, enabling the preparation of high‐purity zinc stearate with a free acid content as low as 0.23% under mild conditions (75°C). Reaction kinetic studies reveal that the introduction of the surfactant intensifies the mass transfer process through solubilization, which decreases the apparent activation energy from 74.83 kJ/mol to 48.63 kJ/mol, thereby fundamentally improving the reaction efficiency. Notably, the aqueous medium in this system can be directly recycled over 10 times without compromising the core quality of the product. Furthermore, when evaluated as a thermal stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), the synthesized zinc stearate outperforms commercial alternatives by significantly elevating the initial degradation temperature of PVC by 31.5°C. By integrating process intensification with green chemistry principles, this study provides a novel perspective for the highly efficient and eco‐friendly production of zinc stearate.

This study investigates the influence of initial delamination defects on the mechanical performance of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) structures for aero-engine applications. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) analysis reveals a strong correlation between the presence of initial delamination and reduced structural strength. To characterize these defects quantitatively, a deep learning–based semantic segmentation model was developed, enabling an integrated strength analysis framework that couples progressive damage modeling with a cohesive zone approach. The model successfully simulates defect-driven damage evolution under compressive loading, capturing how initial delamination governs structural strength and failure modes. Numerical predictions show excellent agreement with experimental results, with errors below 5%. Building on this foundation, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to further elucidate the interplay between defect characteristics and structural geometry. The analysis identifies the inner corner as a critical weak point, where mechanical performance is highly sensitive to defect location. These findings underscore the necessity of incorporating geometric sensitivities into the design and evaluation of CMC components to ensure reliable performance and safety in demanding aerospace environments.

The adverse effects of rapid social development, industrialization, and agricultural expansion on water quality have become increasingly severe, particularly due to the discharge of dye-containing wastewater, which poses a critical threat to global environmental sustainability and human health. To address this challenge, this study developed a novel composite hydrogel based on oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (OCMC). OCMC was first synthesized via sodium periodate oxidation of carboxymethyl cellulose and subsequently cross-linked with gelatin (GEL) and alkali lignin (AL) to fabricate OCMC/AL/GEL composite hydrogels. Characterized by a dual-network structure stabilized by dynamic imine bonds and hydrogen bonding interactions, the composite hydrogel is endowed with exceptional mechanical robustness, superior fatigue resistance, and rapid self-healing capabilities. The adsorption performance of the composite hydrogel toward methylene blue (MB) was systematically evaluated by varying initial dye concentrations (25-200 mg/L), adsorbent dosages (0.01-0.05 g), pH levels (3-9), and temperatures (10-40°C). Optimal adsorption conditions were identified at pH 6.0, an adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, and a temperature of 30 °C. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity reached 103.33 mg/g within 12 hours. Furthermore, competitive adsorption experiments in mixed-dye systems demonstrated the hydrogel's preferential selectivity for cationic dyes; notably, the presence of Rhodamine B and Malachite Green exhibited competitive inhibition effect on MB uptake. Importantly, after five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, the hydrogel retained 69% of its initial removal efficiency. By leveraging structural optimization and synergistic interactions, this work significantly enhances both the adsorption capacity and selectivity for MB while ensuring recyclability. These findings suggest that the developed OCMC/GEL/AL hydrogel holds great promise as a cost-effective and efficient adsorbent for advanced dye wastewater treatment.