Gustavo Desouzart

Background/Objectives: Aging is associated with a progressive decline in biological function due to a complex interplay of physical, psychological, and social factors. This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of a functional health education program on functional capacity in older adults. Methods: Twenty participants (mean age: 80.70 ± 5.992 years) were randomized to either an experimental group that received a 12-week exercise program or a control group. The exercise program included aerobic, flexibility, strength, and cognitive components. Outcomes were assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain. Results: In the population studied, 80% of the older adults indicated some type of back pain. The experimental group results showed a significant reduction in back pain (p = 0.032) and risk of falling (p = 0.013). Additionally, the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in functional capacity (p = 0.016) and cognitive capacity (p = 0.023). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that a specific activity significantly improved participants’ perceived risk of falls, functionality, cognitive function, and reduced back pain complaints in the experimental group.

Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics International

As alterações posturais que podem surgir em crianças e adolescentes assumem-se como um fator de risco para as disfunções da coluna vertebral na vida adulta. O objetivo do estudo é validar o Questionário de Avaliação dos Hábitos Posturais (PHAQ) em alunos do 2º e 3 º ciclos do ensino básico. O procedimento de validação do PHAQ foi realizado em 3 etapas: adaptação linguística para a população portuguesa através da análise e validação do conteúdo do questionário por um painel de peritos; aplicação do PHAQ à população escolar de Viseu e Leiria; e comparação dos resultados do PHAQ com imagens estáticas fotográficas, analisada por peritos em formato dupla cega. A correlação entre as 11 questões do PHAQ, através do Alpha de Cronbach (α= 0,536) e KMO (0,682) indica que cada questão é específica e deve ser analisada individualmente, visto a análise postural ser de caráter individual e não global. Não houve diferenças entre a análise postural por imagem realizada pelos dois peritos (p> 0,05) e entre as respostas dos participantes com as respostas dadas pela análise dos peritos (p> 0,05). O PHAQ é um instrumento válido para avaliar os hábitos posturais em crianças e adolescentes, pode ser uma boa alternativa à recolha de imagem e assume-se como um método de deteção de alterações posturais, com baixo custo, pouco tempo de aplicação e sem riscos.

The main objective of ergonomics is to provide a safe and efficient environment through the design of work and environment (Mokdad and Al-Ansari 2009). It has a broad scope, being used to improve tools, environment, and electronic devices, thus contributing to dramatically change the modern world.

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