Detlef Lohse

Detlef Lohse

University of Twente
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Detlef Lohse has a total of 705 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:

Latest Publications

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    Effects of salinity and inclination on the morphology of melting ice

    by Tomás J. Ferreyra Hauchar, Detlef Lohse, Sander G. Huisman

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    Aspect ratio dependence of laminar horizontal convection

    by Giuseppe Vacca, Andrei Teimurazov, Roberto Verzicco, Olga Shishkina, Detlef Lohse

    Horizontal convection (HC), the flow in a box heated and cooled from the bottom (or top), is a canonical model of buoyancy-driven transport with direct relevance to subglacial lakes, ocean circulation and climate in general. While HC is commonly characterised by the Rayleigh number upper R a R a $Ra$ and Prandtl number upper P r P r $Pr$ , the role of the domain aspect ratio upper Gamma Γ $\varGamma$ (defined as horizontal extension over height) has received less attention. Here, we perform three-dimensional direct numerical simulations over a broad range of Rayleigh numbers and aspect ratios at fixed Prandtl number in order to quantify how geometry affects flow organisation and heat transport. We find that upper Gamma Γ $\varGamma$ strongly influences both the development of the overturning circulation and the scaling of heat transfer (i.e. in dimensionless form, the Nusselt number upper N u N u $Nu$ ). As the aspect ratio increases, the emergence of an organised overturning flow is shifted to higher Rayleigh numbers. Moreover, with increasing upper Gamma Γ $\varGamma$ the Nusselt number shows a stronger dependence on the Rayleigh number. The results clarify the gradual cross-over from a finite intermediate range compatible with the Rossby-type scaling italic Nu tilde italic Ra Superscript 1 divided by 5 Nu ∼ Ra 1 / 5 $\textit{Nu}\sim \textit{Ra}^{1/5}$ (Rossby 1965 Deep-Sea Res. Oceanogr. Abstr. vol. 12, pp. 9–16) towards the italic Nu tilde italic Ra Superscript 1 divided by 4 Nu ∼ Ra 1 / 4 $\textit{Nu}\sim \textit{Ra}^{1/4}$ behaviour suggested by Shishkina, Grossmann & Lohse (2016 Geophys. Res. Lett. vol. 43, pp. 1219–1225). It reflects the progressively decreasing vertical confinement of the kinetic boundary layer with increasing aspect ratio. These results show that the aspect ratio is an important control parameter in laminar HC and should be incorporated explicitly into scaling arguments for geophysical flows.

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    Eulerian local integration method for variable surface tension computations in diffuse-interface models

    by Ehsan Heshmati, Kevin Zhong, Detlef Lohse, Roberto Verzicco

    This study introduces a robust numerical framework for simulating variable surface tension flows within diffuse-interface methods. In such multiphase flows, accurately computing surface tension effects requires the reconstruction of sharp interfacial quantities, which are then used to evaluate the local surface tension. In many diffuse-interface models, this reconstruction procedure is typically performed through pointwise division of the volumetric scalar concentration by either the surface delta function or the phase-field variable.This procedure, however, often suffers from robustness issues, such as division by (near-)zero values away from the interface or out-of-equilibrium effects that generate unphysical spikes in the reconstructed surface quantities. To address these shortcomings, we propose a local integral reformulation within a fully Eulerian framework that accurately extracts sharp surface and bulk concentrations at the interface. Our formulation is based on local integration of the distributed scalar field rather than local division by the distribution function, thereby avoiding the numerical instabilities associated with sharp quantity reconstruction. The methodology is highly versatile and can be applied to any diffuse-interface model to extract arbitrary surface quantities. As an example, we demonstrate its applicability to a phase-field model describing solid–liquid phase transitions, where accurate and robust calculation of the local surface melt rate is achieved using the proposed framework. We show that our approach significantly suppresses numerical artifacts and enhances overall accuracy. The framework is validated through several benchmark problems and demonstrates excellent agreement with sharp-interface tracking methods while robustly capturing complex topological changes.

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    Hidden in plain sight: How evaporation impacts the pendant drop method

    by Pim J. Dekker, Christian Diddens, Marjolein N. van der Linden, Detlef Lohse

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    Microbubble elevator induced buoyancy oscillations of reacting droplets

    by Fattahi Kobra, Boubakar Sanogo, Qiuyun Lu, Yuqi Li, Ben Bin Xu, Detlef Lohse, Daosheng Deng, Xuehua Zhang

    Autonomous droplet oscillations are intriguing and provide a strong inspiration for the development of active soft matter. However, they are often limited by their reliance on external gradients and slow transport. Here, we demonstrate a propulsion mechanism driven by confined interfacial reactions: the hydrogen microbubble elevator. We show that hydrogen evolution within a liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) droplet and the resulting bubble pinch off modulate the droplet’s effective density, inducing periodic rising and sinking cycles in a stratified fluid. These droplets reach peak velocities of up to 25 mm/s over 2.5 cm trajectories - three orders of magnitude faster than typical Marangoni-driven bouncing - and sustain robust oscillatory motion for up to 25 minutes. The oscillation period and amplitude are programmable through the reaction kinetics, with motion persisting until the bubble-to-droplet size ratio exceeds a critical threshold. With a force balance model, we can quantitatively explain the experimental results and the interplay between gas evolution rates and hydrodynamic forces.

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    Settling of chiral particles in a turbulent flow

    by Mees M. Flapper, John E. Sader, Detlef Lohse, Sander G. Huisman

    Chiral particles are experimentally investigated while settling in water with various turbulence intensity levels. The locations and orientations of the particles are tracked over time, allowing the close investigation of the particles’ settling dynamics. The generated turbulent flow is measured using laser Doppler anemometry, and the turbulence strength varies between experiments in the range 0 less than or slanted equals italic Re Subscript lamda Baseline less than or slanted equals 250 0 ⩽ Re λ ⩽ 250 $0 \leqslant \textit{Re}_\lambda \leqslant 250$ . Starting with quiescent particle settling, the chiral particle’s orientation dynamics is studied, revealing a preferred alignment and a strong translation–rotation coupling. The particle chirality determines the preferred rotation direction, though the alignment and translation–rotation coupling gradually weaken with increasing turbulence. We identify multiple settling modes for the chiral particles, which are characterised by the evolution of the rotation angles. Finally, a theoretical model assuming a simplified chiral particle in Stokes flow clarifies the emergence of each settling mode.

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    Ultimate regimes in horizontal and internally heated convection

    by Olga Shishkina, Detlef Lohse

    We derive asymptotic models for the ultimate regimes in horizontal convection (HC) and pure internally heated convection (IHC), in analogy with our recent (2024) extension of the ultimate-regime model for Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC). To derive the corresponding models for HC and IHC, we combine turbulent boundary-layer relations with the exact dissipation balances for these two systems. For HC, the resulting scaling relations are consistent with the rigorous transport bound of Siggers et al. (2004 J. Fluid Mech. vol. 517, 55–70). For pure IHC, they are consistent with the exact HC–IHC balance analogy of Wang et al. (2021 Geophys. Res. Lett. vol. 48, e2020GL091198) and with the rigorous bounds on the convective-flux asymmetry in the equal-temperature-plates configuration (Arslan et al. 2021 J. Fluid Mech. vol. 919, A15). The main difference between RBC and HC/IHC is that, in the latter two cases, the global kinetic-energy balance does not contain the additional response factor (dimensionless convective heat flux in HC or inverse bulk temperature in IHC), whereas it does in RBC. As a consequence, for fixed Prandtl number italic probability Pr ${\textit{Pr}}$ , the ultimate-regime scaling exponent is 1 divided by 3 1 / 3 $1/3$ for both HC and IHC, rather than 1 divided by 2 1 / 2 $1/2$ as in RBC.

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    Oscillatory countercentrifugation of particles in a piezoacoustic printhead

    by Yogesh J. Jethani, Hans Reinten, Wybo Wagenaar, Detlef Lohse, Michel Versluis, Tim Segers

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    Quantifying bulk temperature and boundary layer asymmetry in spherical and annular turbulent convection with boundary layer theories

    by Yifeng Fu, Jun Zhong, Chao Sun, Detlef Lohse, Xiaojue Zhu

    We investigate thermal boundary layer (BL) asymmetry in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) under both spherical and annular geometries using different BL theories. Unlike planar RBC, the spherical and annular configurations exhibit asymmetric thermal BLs near the inner and outer boundaries due to boundary curvature and non-uniform radial gravity. We generalise three BL frameworks – the Prandtl–Blasius BL model, the steady free-convective model and the fluctuating BL model – and apply them to both geometries. Direct numerical simulations (DNSs), based on the Oberbeck–Boussinesq equations, are performed in three-dimensional spherical RBC and three-dimensional annular RBC for various radius ratios ( $\eta$ ), gravity profiles and also Prandtl numbers ( $ \textit{Pr}$ ), to compare with the predictions of the extended BL models. We find that the BL asymmetries predicted by both the extended steady free-convective BL and the fluctuating BL agree well with DNS results, with the fluctuating BL model providing the best agreement for the mean temperature profiles. A force-balance analysis further shows that this better performance is consistent with the DNS observation that, in the wall-normal direction within the thermal BL, buoyancy is balanced primarily by the pressure-gradient force. This is consistent with the assumption underlying the steady free-convective and fluctuating BL models. Moreover, the fluctuating BL model explicitly accounts for the contribution of turbulent fluctuations to the heat flux, which further improves its agreement with the DNS mean temperature profiles. We derive analytical expressions for the bulk temperature and the thermal BL thickness ratio as functions of the radius ratio and gravity profile across different Prandtl-number regimes. These expressions are obtained by integrating the similarity thermal equation for both the inner and outer BLs using an approximate similarity streamfunction, and by closing the solutions through a heat-flux matching condition. The resulting leading-order expressions obtained from both the steady free-convective and fluctuating BL models are shown to be the same, and they agree well with DNS data. This analytical result provides a robust and practical tool for quantifying BL asymmetry in curved RBC systems.

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    Hysteresis in the freeze-thaw cycle of emulsions and suspensions

    by Wilfried Raffi, Jochem G. Meijer, Detlef Lohse

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