Liliana Estefanía Ramos-Villalobos

Background/Objectives: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is influenced by diet; however, the role of micronutrients remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate differences in dietary micronutrient intake between patients with and without CAD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 107 participants (51 CAD, 56 non-CAD). Dietary intake was assessed using habitual 24-h dietary recalls and analyzed for micronutrient content. Biochemical, anthropometric, and clinical data were also evaluated. Results: CAD patients exhibited lower adequate intake of vitamins A, C, and K, as well as antioxidants such as lycopene and lutein, compared to the non-CAD group. While micronutrient inadequacy was prevalent in both groups, it was significantly more pronounced in subjects with CAD. Conclusions: Subjects with CAD had lower micronutrient intake than those without CAD, highlighting the potential importance of adequate micronutrient intake in the prevention and management of CAD.

Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with coronary artery disease (CAD) being the most prevalent. An atherogenic diet contributes to oxidative stress by promoting lipid peroxidation in lipoproteins and cellular membranes, thereby compromising membrane integrity, which is reflected in lower phase angle (PhA) values. Dietary antioxidants play a crucial role in cellular health and in reducing atherosclerotic risk; therefore, the Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) is an important measure, as dietary antioxidants may counteract oxidative damage. This study aimed to assess the association between anthropometric, PhA, and biochemical variables across groups classified according to DAI. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. A total of 107 subjects, with and without CAD, were included. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and oxidized HDL (oxHDL) were determined using the ELISA technique. PhA was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and DAI was calculated using the formula proposed by Wright et al. Results: DAI was positively associated with HDL concentrations in women with CAD, indicating that HDL levels increased by 5.8 mg/dL for each unit increase in DAI (R² = 0.625, p = 0.001). Furthermore, for each unit increase in DAI, the TC/HDL ratio decreased by 0.3 (R² = 0.625, p = 0.006), and the LDL/HDL ratio decreased by 0.2 (R² = 0.506, p = 0.012). Conclusions: A higher DAI is associated with a more favorable lipid profile in women with CAD, particularly with higher HDL concentrations and lower TC/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios.

Background/Objectives: The severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) depends on several factors. Oxidative stress contributes to the oxidation of lipoproteins, thereby promoting ischemic events (IEs) and damaged blood vessels (DBVs). This study aimed to compare biochemical variables and levels of oxidized lipoproteins in CAD patients stratified by the number of IEs and DBVs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed, including 51 patients diagnosed with CAD. Serum oxidized lipoproteins were measured by ELISA. Results: CAD patients with ≥2 IEs and ≥2 DBVs showed higher oxLDL levels than those with one IE and one DBV (8293.35 ng/mL [7131.32–9287.39] vs. 6474.26 ng/mL [5374.52–7574.01], p = 0.029). OxLDL levels were positively associated with the number of IEs (r² = 15.2, B = 0.142 [0.046–0.239], p = 0.005) and DBVs (r² = 19.2, B = 0.196 [0.018–0.374], p = 0.020). Conclusions: This study identified a positive association between elevated serum oxLDL levels and the presence of ≥2 IEs and ≥2 DBVs in CAD patients.

Phrenic nerve injury (PNI) is a rare complication of catheter ablation therapy, most commonly observed in cryoablation of the right side pulmonary veins. We present a case of PNI after radiofrequency catheter ablation that developed acute dyspnea 24 hours after the intervention. Dyspnea is the main symptom of PNI, so the diagnosis should always be suspected if it appears after any type of catheter ablation involving the trajectory of the phrenic nerve. There is no specific treatment for PNI. The only maneuver that has been reported to accelerate the recovery of PNI is early stopping of the ablation therapy.