Dmitry A. Kulikov

Aim . To consider the impact of artificial intelligence technologies on the sphere of human capital management, to determine its capabilities and prospects, and to assess the nature of its impact. Methodology . The impact of the use of artificial intelligence technologies is analyzed on the basis of observations, a review of literature from open sources, comparative analysis and generalization, methods of data collection and processing are considered. Results . The analysis showed that the impact of artificial intelligence technologies on human capital management is fragmented, the methods used are not standardized, and ethical issues have not been resolved. Research implications . lies in the analysis of the current level of integration of new technologies, determining the potential for the use of artificial intelligence by educational organizations. The roles of participants in the educational process and the impact of technology development on them are classified.

Aim. To determine the basic forming principles of a conscious choice of a medical profession among students. Methodology. The study is based on general scientific and special pedagogical approaches such as axiological, personality-oriented, system-activity-based, and competence-based. The main research methods include studying and analyzing scientific and methodological literature, conducting questionnaires, and analyzing and systematizing the collected data. Results. The basic principles of forming a conscious choice of a medical profession among students have been determined. The study determined the level of awareness of career choice among first-year students who entered the university based on the results of the Unified State Exam (group 1) and after receiving secondary vocational (medical) education (group 2). The average level of awareness prevails among students of group 1 (53.13% of the survey participants). The high level of awareness prevails among students of group 2 (54.55% of the survey participants). Among students who entered after school, the main reason for academic failure is a low level of awareness of the choice of profession and a low level of basic knowledge. Among students with secondary medical education, the main reason for academic failure is frequent absences from classes, and lack of time to assimilate knowledge due to the need to work. Research implications. The theoretical significance of the study consists in defining the basic principles of making an informed choice of a medical profession. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that a questionnaire for surveying students, criteria for determining the level of awareness of choosing a profession, a criteria base for determining the level of awareness of choosing a profession in the field of medicine have been developed. Based on the survey of first-year students, the level of awareness of choosing a profession was determined; the reasons for the withdrawal of students after the first semester were analyzed; and the data indicators were compared in groups of students who entered based on the results of the Unified State Exam and those who had secondary vocational (medical) education. Conclusions. A conscious choice of a medical profession is relevant both for the individual and for society. The formation of a conscious choice of a medical profession should begin at school, during career guidance activities. Based on the study of scientific literature and our own experience, the basic principles of forming an informed choice of profession in the field of medicine among students have been formulated. They are the principle of consistency, the principle of awareness and realism, the principle of practice-oriented approach, the principle of self-knowledge and reflection, the principle of continuity, the principle of developing “soft” skills, and the principle of social responsibility and ethics.

In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the number of people with chronic non-communicable diseases and premature death due to a sedentary lifestyle and decreased physical activity. Studying the consequences of physical inactivity is justified to obtain irrefutable evidence of the relationship between such behavior and the increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes. The incidence of diabetes is growing at an alarming rate and regular monitoring of glucose levels is critical to combating diabetes complications in the era of developing health-saving technologies. Currently, glucose level in the body is measured invasively by determining it in a small blood sample, usually taken from the fingertip and placed on a disposable test strip. Therefore, there is a need for non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring. Researchers' innovations in the field of non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring using sensors are based on various approaches and are mainly associated with the development of analyzers that can be integrated into a constantly worn device. This review article presents the latest advances in health-saving technologies for diabetes.

   Введение. Результаты исследований, посвященных влиянию биологического пола на параметры микрогемодинамики, неоднозначны. Сегодня нет работ, оценивающих половые особенности микрогемодинамики при помощи нового метода некогерентной оптической флуктуационной флоуметрии (НОФФ).    Цель – исследовать половые различия кожной микрогемодинамики, оцененные методом НОФФ, у здоровых добровольцев.    Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 27 здоровых добровольцев: 10 мужчин и 17 женщин. Группы были сопоставимы по полу, возрасту и основным клиническим параметрам. Исследование перфузии проводили с помощью метода НОФФ. Измерение проводили в ходе окклюзионной пробы на руке и тепловой пробы на тыле стопы и большом пальце ноги. Реактивность микроцикуляции рассчитывали как относительное увеличение перфузии в ответ на вазодилатационный стимул.    Результаты. У женщин медиана уровня базовой перфузии была значимо ниже, чем у мужчин, на руке и тыле стопы (рука: 10 [6; 13] ПЕ vs. 15 [10; 19] ПЕ, p = 0,035; нога: 0,78 [0,68; 0,97] ПЕ vs. 1,13 [0,99; 1,29] ПЕ, p = 0,003). Реактивность микроциркуляции в ответ на тепловой и окклюзионный стимулы у женщин была значимо выше, чем у мужчин (p < 0,05). Так, на 3-й минуте нагрева у женщин перфузия выросла в 5,39 [4,32; 6,64] раза, у мужчин в 3,47 [3,13; 4,65] раза (p = 0,018); после снятия окклюзии перфузия у женщин выросла в 1,93 [1,37; 3,02] раза, а у мужчин в 1,14 [1,01; 1,74] раза (p = 0,011).    Заключение. Показана более высокая реактивность микрогемодинамики у здоровых женщин, чем у мужчин. Детерминированные полом особенности эндотелиальной функции могут лежать в основе более низкого сердечно-сосудистого риска у женщин по сравнению с мужчинами.

(1) Background: To date, there are no studies evaluating the ability of the incoherent optical fluctuation flowmetry (IOFF) method to assess foot tissue perfusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between perfusion values measured by IOFF and TcPO₂ in patients with diabetes-related lower-extremity complications. (2) Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional, two-center study. Diabetic patients with peripheral artery disease and/or diabetic foot ulcers were studied (n = 27, examinations were carried out on 54 legs). Perfusion in the foot tissues was assessed using TcPO₂ (reference standard for this study) and the IOFF method. (3) Results: High correlation coefficients of all perfusion parameters measured by IOFF with TcPO₂ (Rs 0.7 to 0.76) were shown. The study demonstrated that the IOFF method allows, with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 90.0%, the identification of patients with a critical decrease in TcPO₂ < 20 mmHg. (4) Conclusions: The high correlation of IOFF parameters with TcPO₂ and the moderately high sensitivity and specificity in detecting patients with severe ischemia of foot tissues shows the promise of the method for assessing a tissue perfusion in patients with diabetes-related lower-extremity complications.

Background: This paper demonstrates the use of optical diagnostic methods to assess the dynamic skin changes observed in acute and chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in vivo. Methods: Firstly, in order to initiate photoaging (chronic UV exposure), animals (n = 40) were divided into two groups: chronic UV exposure (n = 30), and control (n = 10; without irradiation). Photoaging in animals was induced by chronic repeated exposure to UVA radiation three times per week, for 12 weeks continuously, while the UV dose increased stepwise over the course of the experiment (55 minimal erythema doses (MED) in total). Laser fluorescence spectroscopy (LFS), optical tissue oximetry (OTO), laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the shaved dorsum skin were performed regularly, once per week until the conclusion of the study. At 0, 5, and 12 weeks of the experiment, histological examination of animal tissues using hematoxylin/eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining was performed. At the second stage, erythema was induced in mice (n = 15) by acute UV exposure at high doses. The colorimetric assay of the image from a digital RGB camera was used to evaluate the erythema index. Results: The tissue content index η_collagen of collagen was appropriate for the characterization of skin photoaging. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in η_collagen were found between the control and photoaging groups from the 5th to the 9th week of the experiment. In addition, the rate of collagen degradation in the control group was about half that of the photoaging group. This marker allows the differentiation of photo- and chronoaging. OCT revealed the main optical layers of the skin in compliance with the histological pattern. The analysis of the RGB camera images provided visualization of the acute skin reaction to UV radiation. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the applicability of optical methods for the quantitative assessment of acute and chronic skin effects of UV exposure in vivo.

Цель: оценить корреляцию реактивности микроциркуляторного звена кровообращения с биологическим и хронологическим возрастом.