Bernd Sauer

Bernd Sauer

*This is an algorithmically generated author record based on publicly available information.

Current Organizations / Institutes

The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article


Bernd Sauer has a total of 152 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:


Latest Publications

  • Influence of PTFE-Based Dry Lubricants on Friction and Wear Behavior in Dry Lubricated Steel–Bronze Contact

    by Lionel Simo Kamga, Stefan Emrich, Rolf Merz, Manuel Oehler, MichaelaGedan-Smolka Gedan-Smolka, Michael Kopnarski, Bernd Sauer, Oliver Koch

    In this article, solid lubricants are investigated to examine their tribological performance in a dry lubricated steel–bronze contact. The examined solid lubricants are made of polyamide (PA) and irradiated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which are chemically bonded by reactive melt extrusion. For the tribological investigations, a block-twin-disc test rig, on the one hand, and a three-disc test rig, on the other hand, were used under ambient conditions, where the solid lubricant for lubricating the steel–bronze contact was released from a block or a disc. Results from the tribological investigations are presented here, showing the friction and wear behavior in a steel–bronze contact depending on the slide-to-roll ratio in the contact between the steel disc and the compound body. Furthermore, surface analytical investigations on the steel and bronze discs were carried out. These studies showed that the chemical bonding of 20 wt% of irradiated PTFE in PA12 improves the wear and friction behavior in steel–bronze contact significantly, due to the buildup of a transfer film of PTFE on the steel surface.


  • Open Access

    Radial shaft seals: How ageing in oil and hyper-viscoelasticity affect the radial force and the numerically predicted wear

    by Bálint Fazekas, Christoph Burkhart, Sarah Staub, Stefan Thielen, Heiko Andrä, Tibor J. Goda, Bernd Sauer, Oliver Koch


  • Open Access

    Multiskaliger Ansatz zur Lebensdauerabschätzung von Wälzlagern mit Hilfe des lokalen Ermüdungsmodells nach Fatemi-Socie

    by Flavien Foko Foko, Lukas Rüth, Oliver Koch, Bernd Sauer

    Zusammenfassung: Ein multiskaliger Ansatz zur Lebensdauerabschätzung von Wälzlagern wird vorgestellt und auf Innenringe von Zylinderrollenlagern des Typs NU 1006 angewendet. Aus einer Systemmodellierung auf der Makroebene werden die im Wälzkontakt wirkenden Kräfte bestimmt. Die mikroskaligen Kontaktsimulationen erfolgen in einem Halbraum-Kontaktmodell. Die Spannungen auf dem Innenring werden unter Berücksichtigung der plastischen Deformationen bestimmt und in den lokalen Ermüdungsansatz nach Fatemi-Socie zur Lebensdauerabschätzung eingesetzt. Drei Lastfälle: 3,8, 3,5 und 2,5 GPa als maximale Pressung im Kontakt Wälzkörper-Innenring werden dabei simulativ untersucht. Die simulierten und experimentell ermittelten Eigenspannungen und Ermüdungslebensdauern zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung.


  • Breakdown voltages in thrust bearings: Behavior and Measurement

    by Simon Graf, Michel Werner, Oliver Koch, Stefan Götz, Bernd Sauer

    This paper investigates breakdown characteristics in the bearings of variable speed electric drive trains. The analyses reveal that breakdown phenomena previously known from high-voltage technology appear to also occur in the bearing contact, though at significantly lower voltages. By loading the bearing with AC voltage of different frequencies at various mechanical load points, five states, which range from partial discharge through arc discharge to a completely conductive channel, emerge. Consistent with the concept that the magnitude of the breakdown voltage depends on the lubricant film height, the contact force, and the frequency of the AC voltage, a thicker lubricant film results in a higher breakdown voltage, analogously to a capacitor with a larger plate spacing, which requires a higher potential difference to be punctured. Furthermore, the sinusoidal frequency of the AC load correlates with the breakdown voltage. The breakdown tends to occur earlier at low frequencies, which is illustrated by the fact that at low frequencies, capacitive behaviour can only be observed at higher speeds, i.e., at a larger lubrication gap, while no voltage can be built up over the bearing at lower speeds. An increase of the contact force for the same lubricant film height lowers the breakdown voltages. The reduction of the breakdown voltage by the contact force may result from an increase of the relative permittivity of the lubricant with higher pressure and likewise of the contact area; the increased area may also increase the number of surface-roughness peaks where an increase in the electric field occurs.


  • Open Access

    Study of the Plastic Behavior of Rough Bearing Surfaces Using a Half-Space Contact Model and the Fatigue Life Estimation According to the Fatemi–Socie Model

    by Flavien Foko Foko, Lukas Rüth, Oliver Koch, Bernd Sauer

    A multiscale approach for the fatigue life estimation of rolling bearings is presented in this paper and applied to inner rings of cylindrical roller bearings of the type NU208. The forces acting in the rolling contact are determined from system-oriented modeling at the macro level. The microscale contact simulations are carried out in a half-space contact model. The stresses on the inner ring are determined and used in the local fatigue approach, according to Fatemi–Socie, for fatigue life estimation. Four surface variants were investigated, one ideally smooth surface and three real (rough) surfaces. The three rough surface variants used different finishing processes: fine ground, hard turned, and rough ground were produced. A load case with a maximum pressure of 2.4 GPa in the roller-inner ring contact was investigated. In addition to the fatigue life estimation, the plasticity behavior (surface topography, resulting contact pressure, and residual stress) of the three manufactured surfaces stood in the focus of the work. As the comparison between experimental and simulated results confirms, good predictions can be made with the simulation model.


  • Open Access

    Characterisation of the conveying effect of turned radial shaft seal counter-surfaces using a simplified hydrodynamic simulation model

    by Stefan Thielen, Thirumanikandan Subramanian, Bernd Sauer, Oliver Koch, Richard Börner, Thomas Junge, Andreas Schubert

    A typical sealing system for rotating shafts consists of the radial shaft sealing ring (RSS), the lubricant and the shaft counter-surface (SCS) of the rotating shaft. The properties of the machined surface of the SCS have an impact on the sealing system. The structural pattern of the SCS influences the lubricant flow along the axial direction. In this paper, a simplified micro scale hydrodynamic simulation model is presented in order to study and determine the axial flow of the lubricant induced by the SCS of the sealing system, isolated from the effects induced by the seal, to allow for a rating of the shaft surface. The influence of the seal was neglected to allow for a simplified simulation. Simulated shaft surfaces corresponding to different machining parameters of machined SCS are used as input. These variants of SCS were created using a kinematic model which simulates an ideal surface machining process of the shaft. A micro scale hydrodynamic simulation model is used to investigate the influence of machining parameters on the lubricant flow along the axial direction across the tribo-contact. From this investigation, the connection between parameters applied for machining of the SCS and conveying effects can be estimated. The simulation model is also validated with experimental results of hard turned shafts of different machining parameters. Differences between manufactured real surfaces and kinematically simulated surfaces are the cause of deviations between the results.


  • The effect of irradiated PTFE on the friction and wear behavior of chemically bonded PA46-PTFE-cb and PA66-PTFE-cb compounds

    by Lionel Simo Kamga, Thanh-Duong Nguyen, Stefan Emrich, Manuel Oehler, Thomas Schmidt, Michaela Gedan-Smolka, Michael Kopnarski, Bernd Sauer


  • Open Access

    Experimentelle Untersuchungen an feststoffgeschmierten Wälzlagern im Hochvakuum

    by M. Werner, S. Emrich, B. Sauer, M. Kopnarski, S. Thielen

    Zusammenfassung: Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung an feststoffgeschmierten Wälzlagern vorgestellt. Betrachtet werden dabei Lager, welche einen speziellen, modifizierten Käfig verwenden. Die Käfigtaschen des Käfigs dienen dabei, zusätzlich zu ihrer ursprünglichen Funktion, der Führung der Wälzkörper, als Schmierstoffdepot. Es werden zunächst Prüfaufbau und die Versuchsbedingungen erläutert und in diesem Zusammenhang wird gezeigt, dass der in diesem Beitrag verwendete Aufbau, verglichen mit dem Aufbau vorangegangener Arbeiten, eine deutlich reduzierte Streuung aufweist. Als eine nicht zu vernachlässigende Fehlerquelle bei der gravimetrischen Bestimmung des Käfigtaschenverschleißes wurde das hygroskopische Verhalten des Polymercompounds identifiziert. Einer Verfälschung dieser Messergebnisse durch die unkontrollierte Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme aus der Umgebung, muss durch einen zeitlich vorgelagerten Trocknungsprozess unter definierten Bedingungen vorgebeugt werden. Zudem wird gezeigt, dass die Käfigtaschen sowohl durch den Innenring des Lagers, als auch durch die Wälzkörper verschlissen werden. Hierbei wird eine Messmethode zur Ermittlung der, durch den Innenring verschlissenen, Materialmenge vorgestellt. Durch Oberflächenanalysen der Messingstruktur des Käfigs wird eine Reduzierung des Zinks nachgewiesen, sowie eine Änderung der Oberflächenstruktur festgestellt. Als Ursache wird ein Sublimieren des Zinks aufgrund der Versuchsbedingungen vermutet. Weiterhin wird gezeigt, dass die Prüftemperatur von 300 °C zu einem Schrumpfen der Lagerringe führt. Eine Vorwegnahme dieser Maßverringerung ist durch Temperierung bei 300 °C für 48 h möglich.