Liliya Eugenevna Ziganshina

Introduction: Various experimental models of osteoporosis are well-known and presented in the literature, yet we did not find a description in the available literature of the possibility of using antipsychotics to induce osteoporosis in rats. The aim of the study: We aimed to develop a “haloperidol model” of osteoporosis and to evaluate its efficiency in rats. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups (20 animals each): control (saline) and experimental (haloperidol). Haloperidol was administered intraperitoneally for 90 days according to the regimen from 15 mg/kg/day to 5 mg/kg/day as 1 mL per 100 mg of rat body weight of saline solutions in corresponding concentrations. We performed blood tests for total calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and urine tests for oxyproline to demonstrate that bone metabolism changes in rats were consistent with osteoporosis. After 90 days, we finalized the experiment and performed a histomorphometry assessment of the bone tissue of rats’ vertebrae (the average diameter of the spongy trabecula, the thickness of the cortical plate and the area of the intertrabecular space were evaluated) and microelement analysis (Ca, Sr, Zn, Cu). Results: We found that haloperidol induced a decrease in the level of total calcium by 2.2 times and alkaline phosphatase by 1.6 times in the blood, an increase in oxyproline in the urine by 1.7 times; a reduction in the average diameter of trabeculae by 2.2 times and the thickness of the cortical layer by 2 times, an increase in the area of the intertrabecular space by 2 times; a deficiency in the content of Ca, Zn and Cu, and an increase in the content of Sr, as compared with such in the control group. Conclusion: Prolonged administration of haloperidol to rats intraperitoneally for 90 days according to the regimen from 15 mg/kg/day to 5 mg/kg/day causes the bone metabolism changes with all characteristics of bone destruction, detected by biochemical, histomorphometry and microelement analyses of bone tissue and blood. Haloperidol could be used to model experimental osteoporosis and the “haloperidol model” could be used to study potential of new antiresorptive agents.

Age-friendly cities around the world aim to enhance the quality of life of older people. A network of like-minded cities and communities promotes the exchange of best practices, but faces challenges due to varying socio-economic and cultural contexts, which affects comparability and usability of shared information and limits mutual learning. The Age-Friendly Cities and Communities Questionnaire (AFCCQ) serves as a tool for assessment of cities’ age-friendliness. This study validates the AFCCQ’s cross-cultural applicability in ten countries (Italy, Poland, North Macedonia, Romania, the Netherlands, Australia, Turkey, Russia, Japan, and Israel) through data from 4648 participants, testing measurement invariance with structural equation modelling. Finally, descriptive statistics provided a baseline comparison between countries. Results confirm that the AFCCQ enables a uniform assessment across countries, facilitating meaningful international comparisons. Findings aid global entities like the World Health Organization in fostering age-friendly environments and assist policymakers in developing effective age- friendly policies.

Rationale: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is controversial. Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (NRIs) are used for treatment. It’s unclear how helpful/harmful they are. Objectives: This review brings together available evidence to evaluate the benefits and harms of NRIs in adults with ADHD. Methods: We searched for all randomised controlled trials that compared NRIs to placebo/no treatment in bibliographic databases (April 2025) and synthesised their results. We assessed the certainty of evidence applying GRADE. Results: We included 21 trials, 5124 participants from Europe, Americas and Asia. NRIs may have little to no effect on people’s ability to function in daily life, or on improving ADHD symptoms and quality of life. NRIs increased treatment discontinuation (RR 1.16, 95% CI [1.03, 1.30]) and non-serious adverse events (AEs) (RR 1.27, 95% CI [1.09, 1.49]), both with very low certainty. Atomoxetine increased serious AEs (RR 2.31, 95% CI [1.79, 2.97]; moderate certainty). Conclusions: There is probably more harm (compared to placebo) with atomoxetine use in adults, with over two-fold increase in the number of people with serious (life-threatening) adverse events, a higher proportion of people with any adverse event amongst patients taking atomoxetine and higher withdrawal rates of people treated with atomoxetine or reboxetine.

As part of the development of practice guidelines, developers need to systematically engage relevant interest-holder groups. The Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare (RIGHT) checklist for reporting practice guidelines lacks detailed guidance on how to report the engagement process. To develop a standardized checklist for reporting interest-holder engagement in practice guidelines, named the RIGHT-MuSE checklist. The development process followed the methods recommended by the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research (EQUATOR) Network, as well as lessons learned from the development of the RIGHT statement and its extensions. Key steps included developing the protocol, registering the project, establishing a working group, conducting background work, generating an initial list of items, conducting a consensus survey, holding panel discussions, and creating the final RIGHT-MuSE checklist and an accompanying explanation and elaboration document. International collaboration. 25 panelists from various guideline development interest-holder groups. Consensus agreement on checklist items. The final RIGHT-MuSE checklist consists of 11 items covering the guidance used, methods of engagement, characteristics of interest-holders, evaluation of engagement, and management of conflicts of interest. The checklist is supplemented with a glossary of key terms and detailed explanations for each item to facilitate its use. The RIGHT-MuSE checklist has not been evaluated in a broader context or widely applied in real-world guideline development processes. Guideline developers can use the RIGHT-MuSE checklist to comprehensively report on interest-holder engagement. The Vincent and Lily Woo Foundation.

This review commemorates Irina Zimakova, Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, who dedicated her life to the development, implementation, and extensive clinical study of a fundamentally new, original Russian drug product — temgicoluril — best known under its first trade name, Mebikar®. The paper reviews publications on the use of the drug product for various medical conditions and substantiates its possible use as a tranquilizer with adaptogenic, nootropic, antidepressant, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic effects without pronounced side effects and behavioral toxicity and with a positive performance effect. The review includes 50 papers in Russian and English published between 1978 and 2025 and found in Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases and open sources using scientific search engines and databases, including Google Scholar (Google Academy), CyberLeninka, Mediasphere, and eLibrary.Ru. Most studies were conducted in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, and Ukraine. The studies showed that temgicoluril had an anti-anxiety effect in various medical conditions, improved blood supply and reduced hypoxia in the heart muscle, had an anti-anginal effect, increased the brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the blood serum in traumatic brain injuries, and reduced hyperactivity and impulsiveness in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder without significant changes in attention and psychomotor ability. In addition, temgicoluril has been shown to have hypolipidemic and nootropic effects. Well-controlled clinical studies involving large patient samples are required to verify previous findings, to study more fully its efficacy and safety, and to understand better its pharmacological profile.

Objective: To analyse regulatory positions and drug policies of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), compared to those of the EU, UK, USA i of the nootropics, used in Russia for Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: We searched E-library to reveal the list of nootropics used and studied in Russia for Alzheimer’s disease. We assessed official pharmaceutical registries of nine countries for registration status of identified nootropics, 7 National Essential Medicines Lists (EML), and four clinical practice guidelines (CPG) on Alzheimer’s disease. We compared the results of Russia with other countries regulatory and policy positions. Results: E-Library searches identified 11 nootropicspiracetam, citicoline, idebenone, vinpocetine, choline alfoscerate, Cerebrolysin®, Kortexin®, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, glycine, nicergoline, nimodipine. Eight nootropic have registration for use in all CIS countries (excluding idebenone, nimodipine), four (piracetam, nimodipine, nicergoline, idebenone) – in UK, nimodipine – in the USA, and idebenone – in EU. National EMLs included: nine nootropics (Russia), 8 – Belarus and Kazakhstan, 4 – Uzbekistan, 2 – Armenia. The studied nootropic agents are not included on the WHO Model EML and on the National EML of the Kyrgyz Republic. They are not listed in the CPG for Treatment of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in the USA, the EU, and the UK. Russian CPGs for Alzheimer’s disease recommend Cerebrolysin® and choline alfoscerate. Conclusions: The studied nootropics are registered for use and listed on National EMLs of Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan. None is included on the WHO Model EML and the National EML of Kyrgyzstan, Only CPG of the RF recommend using two nootropics as adjuvant therapy of Alzheimer’s disease, Cerebrolysin® and choline alfoscerate. CPG of the European Union, the United Kingdom, and the USA do not mention nootropics as potential treatment options for Alzheimer’s disease.

Background: Acute coronary syndrome remains a leading cause of mortality, making antiplatelet therapy crucial for the treatment and secondary prevention of this condition. Purpose: We aimed to analyze consumption of antiplatelet drugs in the outpatient segment of the pharmaceutical market in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2018 and 2023. Research Design: We conducted a descriptive study based on sales data for antiplatelet drugs from two major suppliers. Data Collection and Analysis: Consumption was calculated in milligrams and defined daily doses. To assess therapy coverage, we calculated standard course doses for dual antiplatelet therapy and monotherapy based on clinical guidelines. Results: During the study period, we identified a significant increase in the consumption of all antiplatelet drugs. Acetylsalicylic acid consumption doubled. Among P2Y ₁₂ -receptor inhibitors, clopidogrel showed the highest absolute increase (2.5 times), while ticagrelor (3.2 times) and prasugrel (4 times) showed the highest relative growth rates. The estimated number of patients who could have been treated with the sold volumes of antiplatelet drugs in 2018 was 15.4 times, and in 2023 was 35.2 times higher than the official number of registered ACS patients. Conclusions: We observe a significant increase in outpatient antiplatelet drug consumption, reflecting current trends toward expanding indications and increasing therapy duration.

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the results of quality assessment of Russian-produced clinical practice guidelines on the use of direct oral anticoagulants in the treatment and prophylaxis of coronavirus disease 2019 using the RIGHT checklist and AGREE II instrument. Methods: We assessed six relevant clinical practice guidelines published between 2020 and 2023 in Russian databases using the RIGHT checklist. We compared the results of using the RIGHT tool with the results obtained using the AGREE II instrument. Results: All six clinical guidelines received high scores in the sections “Basic information” (range: 56.2%–70.8%) and “Background” (48.4%–74.0%). The lowest results were obtained in the sections on RIGHT: “Review and quality assurance” (0%–4.2%) and “Funding and declaration management of interests” (14.6%–19.8%). Conclusion: The RIGHT checklist was proven applicable and usable for evaluating Russian-produced clinical practice guidelines. The use of RIGHT reporting tool enriched the depth and breadth of quality assessment to identify more areas that are problematic and to critically appraise details of the problems. More efforts are needed to further improve Russian clinical practice guidelines and their implementation into clinical practice to ensure better patient care and rational use of direct oral anticoagulants.