Gloria García-Fernández

Dejar de fumar está asociado a ganar peso, y este incremento ponderal puede suponer un riesgo para la salud de las personas con obesidad que deseen dejar de fumar. El presente estudio describe el caso de un hombre de 41 años con obesidad tipo 1 al que se le aplicó una terapia cognitivo-conductual para dejar de fumar y prevenir el aumento de peso simultáneamente. El paciente dejó de fumar y mantuvo la abstinencia durante 12 meses tras el fin del tratamiento. El aumento ponderal al final de tratamiento fue de 2,50 kg, alcanzando un máximo de 3,1 kg a los tres meses de seguimiento y reduciéndose a 1,1 kg al año de seguimiento, con una menor ganancia en comparación con tratamientos para dejar de fumar sin abordaje ponderal. Además, el paciente mejoró la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y redujo la alimentación emocional y externa. Estos resultados sugieren que abordar simultáneamente el tabaquismo y el control del peso corporal mediante una terapia psicológica es factible para personas con obesidad.

El consumo de tabaco con fines de control del peso constituye una práctica generalizada y nociva entre las personas con sobrepeso u obesidad. El Smoking-Related Weight and Eating Episodes Test (SWEET) evalúa las motivaciones relacionadas con la alimentación y el peso en el consumo de tabaco. El objetivo de este estudio fue validar el SWEET en personas españolas con sobrepeso u obesidad. Adultos que querían participar en un tratamiento para dejar de fumar (N = 123; 54.47% mujeres; MIMC = 31,71 ± 4,27) completaron el SWEET y otras medidas relacionadas con el tabaquismo, el peso, la alimentación, los síntomas emocionales y la actividad física. La fiabilidad y la validez se evaluaron en función de la estructura interna, la consistencia interna y las relaciones con otras variables. El modelo correlacional de cuatro factores mostró un ajuste adecuado tal y como se encontró en el SWEET original. Los coeficientes de fiabilidad evidenciaron una consistencia interna adecuada en las subescalas (α = ,68 - ,88), y las relaciones con otras medidas fueron consistentes, aportando evidencia positiva de validez convergente y discriminante. La aplicación de este instrumento para evaluar las motivaciones relacionadas con la alimentación y el peso en el consumo de tabaco en personas con sobrepeso u obesidad que participan en programas de cesación tabáquica puede contribuir al desarrollo de estrategias de tratamiento más eficaces adaptadas a las necesidades de esta población.

Non-substance addictive behaviors in individuals with intellectual disability (ID) constitute a relevant field of study, particularly given that this population has been historically underserved. This systematic review examined prevalence, risk and protective factors, and interventions related to non-substance addictive behaviors—specifically problematic gambling, gaming, use of internet, mobile phones, and pornography—among people with ID. A systematic search in Web of Science and PsycINFO found ten studies meeting the inclusion criteria (four case studies, three cross-sectional, two qualitative, and one longitudinal design). Five studies focused on gambling, two on mobile phone use, one on internet use, one on both internet and mobile phone use, and one addressed gaming, internet, and pornography. This systematic review highlights the limited evidence regarding different non-substance addictive behaviours among individuals with ID, identifies nuanced gaps and variability within the existing literature, and underscores the need for future research to strengthen and expand current knowledge.

Introduction: People with intellectual disability (ID) face increased vulnerability to addictive behaviours, yet effective interventions are under‐researched. This study aimed to systematically review existing interventions for substance use and problem gambling in this population. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched Web of Science, PsycINFO and CENTRAL for studies on substance use or gambling tailored for people with ID. Two independent reviewers synthesised the data and assessed the methodological quality using established tools. Results: Sixteen studies were included: three randomised controlled trials (RCTs), six non‐randomised trials and seven case studies. Most studies involved small samples of male adults with mild ID, focusing on tobacco ( n = 6), polydrug use ( n = 5), alcohol ( n = 3), opioids ( n = 1) or gambling ( n = 1). Mindfulness‐based therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy combined with motivational interviewing showed promising results for reducing tobacco and alcohol use in people with ID. Short‐term benefits were observed for alcohol and cannabis use, though impacts on severity were unclear. Psychoeducation was frequently integrated with behavioural techniques, contributing to reduced substance use through enhanced awareness and knowledge. Conclusions: The evidence for interventions targeting substance use and gambling in individuals with ID remains limited. A meta‐analysis was not possible due to insufficient data, though single‐case designs provided valuable insights. More rigorous and comprehensive research is needed to better understand and improve intervention strategies for addressing substance use and gambling problems in people with ID. Trial Registration: PROSPERO CRD42023477296

Objective: Weight gain (WG) is one of the most widespread consequences of smoking cessation, although there is a great variability of post-cessation weight changes among smokers. Its approach is critical because it depicts an important barrier to trying to quit smoking and because it has been considered as a long-term predictor of relapse. Notwithstanding, little is known about post-cessation WG specifically among depressed smokers. The current study sought to: (1) describe the WG at posttreatment and follow-ups in smokers with depression, (2) examine the predictors of posttreatment WG, and (3) analyze whether post-cessation WG predicts smoking relapse at 6-month follow-up. Methods: The sample was comprised of 125 smokers with depression who achieved tobacco abstinence at posttreatment following a psychological smoking cessation intervention. Smoking abstinence was biochemically verified through carbon monoxide and urine cotinine. Multiple linear and hierarchical logistic regressions were conducted to examine predictors of WG at posttreatment and tobacco relapse at 6-month follow-up, respectively. Results: Abstinent participants gained an average of 3.55 kg at 6-month follow-up compared to 1.49 kg among participants who relapsed. Greater nicotine dependence (β = .372, p = .001) and diastolic pressure at baseline (β = .252, p = .021) predicted higher WG at end of treatment. WG at posttreatment increased the likelihood of relapse 6 months later (B = .303, OR = 1.354; 95% CI [1.006, 1.822]). Limitations: Weight concerns, disordered eating, and BMI were not recorded, and they could be related to the present findings. Conclusions: These results suggest that individuals with depression during treatment for smoking cessation should be regularly screened and offered treatment to prevent WG.