Iván Sánchez-Iglesias

This study examines how the order of rubric performance levels (high-to-low vs. low-to-high) and four types of feedback (no feedback, rubric-based, product, and process) influence university students’ self-regulated learning (SRL) and self-efficacy during an academic task. A total of 120 first-year students completed two landscape analysis tasks supported by rubrics while verbalizing their thoughts through think-aloud protocols. Self-efficacy was measured before and after the experimental session. Students predominantly produced positive self-regulatory actions across the five task phases, displaying a W-shaped pattern that reflected shifts in task demands: higher regulatory engagement during rubric reading and written analysis, and lower engagement during oral description phases. Negative actions were less frequent and concentrated in the initial rubric reading and first written analysis. Neither performance-level order nor feedback type significantly affected positive or negative SRL actions; the only significant within-subjects factor was task phase. Self-efficacy decreased across all conditions, suggesting a recalibration of confidence in response to task demands and rubric criteria. These findings indicate that moment-to-moment SRL engagement is primarily shaped by the nature of the task phase rather than by the specific scaffolding configuration, and underscore the importance of process-oriented methods for capturing dynamic regulatory patterns in rubric-supported learning environments.

Background: Religiosity and spirituality (R/S) are associated with health outcomes in cancer patients, yet the psychosocial and behavioral pathways involved remain insufficiently understood, particularly in Spain. This study examines specific R/S elements and pathways that may contribute to perceived physical health in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with Spanish cancer patients (N = 351), recruited between October 2022 and April 2023. Participants were adults (18–80 years) with a non-terminal cancer diagnosis. The responses were obtained through a questionnaire that included sociodemographic and health variables, as well as validated scales measuring spirituality, religiosity, R/S struggles, psychological factors (gratitude, compassion, negative emotions), social support, health behaviors, and perceived physical health. Path analyses were performed with model fit evaluated using multiple indices (χ², CFI, TLI, RMSEA, SRMR). Results: The global model did not present a good fit to the data, as did the partial model of religiosity. In contrast, the partial models of spirituality and R/S struggles presented good fit indices and a high explained variance, showing that in both models negative emotions and gratitude act as significant mediating pathways between R/S and perceived physical health. Conclusions: Despite the limitations caused by the low sample size and the apparent misspecification of the religiosity segment, findings from the partial models suggest that decreased negative emotions and increased gratitude promoted by higher levels of spirituality and lower levels of R/S struggles lead to better perceived physical health in cancer patients. These results highlight the need to integrate spirituality into patient care, often overlooked in Spanish healthcare. Recognizing these pathways could contribute to more holistic care approaches that incorporate R/S dimensions, potentially enhancing oncology patients’ quality of life.

Women under treatment are a particular susceptibility group according to the classification of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). The average number of women under treatment is lower than men all across Europe, and the drop-out percentage is higher in women than men. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with drug use problems among women under treatment. Methodology: Quantitative research. Data from 2179 people receiving recovery treatment were extracted from EuropASI surveys. The dependent variables in this study were (1) the patient’s family history of addiction and psychiatric disease, (2) the main substance consumed, (3) the lifelong and last month’s substance use, (4) the lifelong and last month’s emotional, physical and sexual abuse, and (5) the lifelong and last month’s psychiatric disorders (including suicide attempts). The factor was gender, taken as a dichotomous variable (male–female). Initially, the Kolmogorov–Smirnoff normality test and Levene’s test were used to understand whether the sample met the normality and homoscedasticity statistical assumptions. For quantitative variables, the Mann–Whitney U test was used. The confidence interval used was 95%. Results: Briefly, we found that women tend to consume more alcohol, use more medication, and suffer more depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation than men, both lifelong and in the last month. In addition, women suffer more abuses (emotional, physical, and sexual) than men, during their lifetime and in the last month. Conclusions: The data showed that women have specific needs and vulnerabilities that should be accounted for when providing treatment but are currently not. This situation evidences the need for specialized drug recovery programs for women, and not only that, programs must adapt to the needs of each woman’s particular situation. Moreover, it is pressing that a multifactorial approach is used in every intervention, given the multiplicity of factors influencing consumption and the evidence that fixed treatment programs are not satisfactorily intervening in the complex reality that surrounds people with addiction.

Women who receive substance use treatment have a particular classification of sensitivity to European drugs and drug use (according to the EMCDDA). The average level of women’s treatment is lower than men’s across Europe, while women’s abandonment is higher than men’s. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors associated with problems for women who use drugs, analyzing several psychological and social factors (gender, substance use, mental health, source of economic support, legal status, and abuse). Methodology: This was a quantitative study. Data on 2179 people receiving rehabilitation treatment were obtained from the EuropASI survey. The dependent variables in this study were (1) a patient’s known history of addiction and mental illness; (2) primary drug use; (3) drug use in their lifetime and the past month; (4) mood in their lifetime and the past month, physical condition, and sexual abuse history; (5) mental illness in their lifetime and the past month (including suicide attempts); (6) legal status in their lifetime and the past month; (7) and source of income in the past month and (8) and the number of patients. The factor of gender was taken as a dichotomous variable (male–female). The confidence interval used was 95%. Results: In summary, we found that women had consumed more alcohol, used more drugs, and suffered more from depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation than men, both during their lifetimes and in the past month. In addition, women were more likely than men to be stigmatized for prostitution because their financial support came mainly from colleagues, friends, and family, as well as from prostitution. Finally, women had experienced more violence (emotional, physical, and sexual) during their lifetimes and in the last month than men. Conclusion: There appears to be a need to develop a comprehensive treatment network for addictive behaviors from a multifactorial perspective, including harm reduction, psychosocial support, and recovery programs; furthermore, targeting specific groups with special needs, such as women, especially those with mental health problems, women with alcoholism, and abused women, it also seems important to develop adaptive recovery programs within addictive behavior treatment networks.

Jugar a videojuegos puede convertirse en una conducta problemática. Los factores asociados a esta transición han sido ampliamente estudiados en varones, mientras que entre las mujeres es un campo aún no suficientemente abordado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar qué factores de riesgo pueden estar asociados al uso problemático de videojuegos en mujeres adolescentes. En concreto, analizar el potencial predictivo de los hábitos de juego, la sintomatología psicopatológica y las cogniciones desadaptativas relacionadas con los videojuegos. Mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado de los centros educativos de la Comunidad de Madrid se obtuvo una muestra de 536 mujeres (12-17 años) (M= 13,91; DT= 1,57), a las que se aplicó el Gamertest, un sistema experto online para evaluar el uso problemático de videojuegos. Un 2,8% de las adolescentes presentaban un uso problemático de videojuegos, y tan sólo un 0,7% un Trastorno por Juego en Internet. Las principales variables predictoras identificadas fueron: las cogniciones relacionadas con compulsión y preocupación, el promedio de días de juego a la semana y la sintomatología ansiosa. Los resultados obtenidos se suman a los escasos estudios realizados en mujeres y ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de prestar atención, especialmente, a las cogniciones desadaptativas relacionadas con los videojuegos en la prevención y tratamiento de estos problemas.