Yonggang Lv

Current research on liver fibrosis predominantly relies on culture matrices with uniform stiffness, largely overlooking the pathophysiological relevance of stiffness heterogeneity-the spatially uneven stiffness distribution characteristic of fibrotic liver tissue. To address this, we engineered biomimetic fibrotic hydrogels using decellularized liver matrix (DLM) from fibrotic tissues and methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA). These hydrogels replicated the distinct stiffness profiles of normal, earlystage fibrotic, and late-stage fibrotic liver. Using a custom honeycomb-shaped mold, we integrated them into a unified platform featuring both uniform and heterogeneous mechanical regions. By co-culturing hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) on this platform, we investigated how matrix stiffness regulates HSCs proliferation, migration, and activation. Results demonstrated that on uniformly stiff substrates, particularly those mimicking late-stage fibrosis, ECM components and high stiffness promoted HSCs activation, upregulated the Piezo1-YAP signaling axis. In contrast, although the lowstiffness region of the mechanically heterogeneous platform exhibited increased HSC proliferation and activation, the proliferation and activation levels in the medium-and high-stiffness regions were significantly reduced. The expression patterns of the Piezo1-YAP signaling pathway further corroborated this phenomenon. These findings suggest that mechanical heterogeneity may exert a negative regulatory effect on HSC activation. This study provides new insights into the mechanobiological mechanisms underlying hepatic fibrosis and reveals potential therapeutic targets.

Bacterial biofilm infection and sustained oxidative stress response seriously affect the osseointegration of bone implants. Here, this study developed a bioactive Mg ²⁺ loaded tannic acid (TA)/lysozyme amyloid protein fiber (LAPF) composite antioxidative coating to enhance antibacterial, antioxidative and pro‐osteogenic functions of bone implants. Inspired by “Trojan horse”, the mesh‐like TA/LAPF coatings exhibited good antibacterial properties, significantly inhibiting the formation of bacterial biofilms. Interestingly, the TA/LAPF coatings cleared 2,2’‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) free radicals obviously (scavenging rate of 83.46 ± 1.43%), and inhibited intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) under an oxidative stress environment. In addition, the biomimetic LAPF coatings exhibited good blood compatibility, promoting the migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and angiogenesis effectively. Notably, the (TA/LAPF) ₈ +Mg ²⁺ coatings could effectively improve early adhesion of BMSCs, and exhibited both great in vitro alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteogenic mineralization. In 6‐week implantation experiments, Mg ²⁺ loaded TA/LAPF coating significantly inhibited in vivo bacterial growth and promoted bone regeneration. The biomimetic mesh‐like coatings of antibacterial protein‐based nanofiber provide important guidance for the design of anti‐infection scaffolds in surface engineering of bone repair.

This article summarizes recent advances in engineered hydrogels as local depots for the delivery of multiple immunotherapeutics and as a platform for immune-based combination therapy, demonstrating their pivotal roles in the cancer immune cycle.

Liver fibrosis is a hallmark pathological feature of chronic liver diseases and poses a major threat to the health of millions of people worldwide. Without timely diagnosis and effective intervention, liver fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The limited availability of donor organs for orthotopic liver transplantation has driven the continuous search for alternative therapeutic strategies. However, conventional approaches, including pharmacotherapy, RNA-based therapies, and cell therapy, are often limited by insufficient therapeutic efficacy, poor targeting, and significant adverse effects, underscoring the urgent need for more effective treatment strategies. In recent years, biomaterials have emerged as promising platforms for liver fibrosis therapy owing to their excellent biocompatibility and tunable physicochemical properties. This review summarizes the recent advances in biomaterial-based therapeutic strategies for liver fibrosis, with a particular focus on nanomaterials, hydrogels, and microsphere-based delivery systems. The advantages and limitations of these biomaterial platforms are systematically discussed. Furthermore, we highlight the dual role of biomaterials not only as delivery vehicles for antifibrotic drugs, nucleic acids, and therapeutic cells but also as active platforms that modulate the fibrotic microenvironment and promote liver regeneration. Finally, the current status and future perspectives of biomaterial-based approaches in liver tissue engineering are discussed.

Conventional static biomaterials possess relatively stable physicochemical properties after fabrication or implantation, which limits their ability to adapt to dynamically changing physiological microenvironments. In contrast, dynamic biomaterials can undergo controllable or programmable changes to regulate their physicochemical properties in response to external or endogenous stimuli, thereby providing improved spatiotemporal adaptability for biomedical applications. In this review, dynamic biomaterials are systematically discussed from a physical‐cue‐centered perspective, focusing on stimulus‐responsive changes in stiffness, surface morphology, and shape programmability rather than classification solely by stimulus type or material composition. The responsive mechanisms, preparation strategies, and representative stimuli, including light, temperature, pH, ions, and magnetic fields, are summarized and critically analyzed. Recent biomedical applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, minimally invasive therapy, and intelligent biomedical devices are further highlighted. Finally, current challenges involving long‐term biosafety, mechanical durability, manufacturability, and clinical translation are discussed, together with future perspectives for multifunctional, multi‐stimuli‐responsive, and spatiotemporally programmable dynamic biomaterials.

Flexible fiber capacitive tactile sensors hold promise for wearable human-machine interaction, yet balancing sensitivity with robustness while preserving textile softness remains challenging. To mitigate this trade-off, a capacitive tactile fiber based on the dual-mechanism enhancement of gradient-porous compression and Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization was developed. A fiber with a radial gradient-porous architecture, comprising a liquid metal (LM)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) conductive core and a titanium dioxide (TiO₂)/TPU dielectric sheath, was fabricated via coaxial wet spinning through non-solvent induced phase separation. A sub-percolating carbon nanotube/graphene oxide (CNT/GO) network was subsequently introduced onto the fiber surface to amplify the effective permittivity via interfacial charge accumulation. A sensitivity of 18.32 kPa^-1, a response time of 170 ms, a hysteresis error of 4.47%, and stable signal retention over 1000 cycles were achieved. An all-textile wireless tactile platform was constructed and progressively validated from transient mouse clicking to quasi-static sitting posture monitoring (99.6% recognition accuracy) and further to a 64-key textile keyboard, where signal crosstalk was effectively decoupled through a fabric topology design and a one-dimensional convolutional neural network algorithm, yielding a character recognition accuracy of 96.36% and enabling context-aware generative artificial intelligence communication via integration with a large language model. This work demonstrates the significant potential of fiber-based tactile sensors for complex, multi-scenario human-machine interactions and provides new insights into the development of next-generation intelligent textile interaction platforms.