Mahmoud El-Shahat

Nowadays, manufacturing of ultraviolet (UV) protective textiles is quite interesting for the outdoor workers to protect their bodies from harmful radiation. Herein, for the first time, durable UV-protective cotton textiles were produced by modification with the mixed metal–Ce organic framework. Cotton was first interacted with 1,2,4-tricarboxybenzene-2,4-anhydride through benzylation reaction. The benzylated cotton (BTC–C = O@Cotton) was then reacted with two metal salts including Cerium salt to obtain Ce–M–BTC–C = O@Cotton. The estimated contents of Ce and the mixed metal within Ce–M–BTC–C = O@Cotton were 3.3% and 0.4%, respectively. The color of cotton was turned to bluish-green color, greenish-yellow color and reddish color after incorporation with Ce–Cu–BTC, Ce–Ni–BTC and Ce–Co–BTC, respectively. The all-modified fabrics exhibited UV-blocking character from good to excellent, depending on the inserted mixed metal. The measured UV-protection factor (UPF) was 34.7 (very good) for Ce–Cu–BTC–C = O@Cotton, 43.1 (excellent) for Ce–Ni–BTC–C = O@Cotton, 26.4 (good) for Ce–Zn–BTC–C = O@Cotton, and 33.3 (very good) for Ce–Co–BTC–C = O@Cotton. After 5 washing cycles, Ce–Ni–BTC–C = O@Cotton and Ce–Co–BTC–C = O@Cotton showed good UV protection. The mechanical properties of cotton textiles were not significantly affected after modification with Ce–M–BTC.

Herein, a one‐pot reaction between cyclohexanone, thiourea, and 2,5‐dimethoxybenzaldehyde allowed to prepare hexahydroquinazoline‐2(1H)‐thione4 firstly, which followed by reacting with hydrazine hydrate to produce the corresponding 2‐hydrazinylhexahydroquinazoline 6. Interesting analogs of thiazolo[3,2‐a]quinazoline 713 where obtained when hexahydroquinazoline‐2(1H)‐thione 4 reacted with 1,2‐dibromoethane, chloroacetyl chloride, bromoacetic acid, bromoacetic acid/4‐chlorobenzaldehyde, 2‐bromopropionic acid, ethyl bromo cyanoacetate, and/or bromomalononitrile; respectively. While triazolo[4,3‐a] quinazoline 14–16 were created when 2‐hydrazinylhexahydroquinazoline 6 reacted with triethyl orthoformate, acetic anhydride, and carbon disulfide respectively. Numerous spectroscopy tests, including FT‐IR, NMR (¹H &¹³ C), and MS spectrum, proved all the newly produced analogs. Additionally, the new analogs were examined for their antibacterial and antifungal properties against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. It was discovered that triazolo[4,3‐a] quinazoline analogs 14–16 have superior bacterial and fungal activity when compared to the corresponding conventional doses of Streptomycin andGriseofulvin. Towards Candida albicans; compounds 14, 15, and 16 increase activity with 1.14 %, 1.15 %, and 1.21 %, respectively more than griseofulvin.While, for Staphylococcus aureus; compounds 14, 15, and 16 increase activity with 1.5 %, 1.5 %, and 1.7 %, respectively more than streptomycin. Morever, for Escherichia coli; compounds 14, 15, and 16 increase activity with 1.19 %, 1.21 %, and 1.22 %, respectively more than streptomycin. Finally, structure activity relationships show that quinazoline derivatives exhibit higher activity when fused to pyrazole ring 14–16 as compared when fused thiophene ring 7–13.

Urea used in fertilization and feed supplement, as well as a starting material for the manufacture of plastics and drugs. Urea is most commonly produced by reacting carbon dioxide with ammonia at high temperature. Photocatalysis has gained attention as a sustainable pathway for performing urea. This work focus on designing very active photocatalysts based on cerium organic framework (Ce-BTC) doped with metal oxide nanoparticles (molybdenum permanganate, Mo(MnO₄)₅) for production of urea from coupling of ammonia with carbon dioxide. The prepared materials were characterized using different spectral analysis and the morphology was analysed using microscopic data. The effect of catalyst loading on the production rate of urea was investigated and the obtained results showed speed rate of urea production with high production yield at low temperature. The recyclability tests confirmed the sustainability of the prepared photocatlysts (Mo(MnO₄)₅@Ce-BTC) which supported the beneficial of the photocatalysis process in urea production.

Recent investigations were shifted this trend toward exploring the biomedical applicability of CDs, relevant to chronic diseases. Herein, a systematic approach is demonstrated for studying the effect of variation in the surface passivation of CDs for tuning its optical character and biological performance. Alginate and pectin were successfully clustered oxygen-surface passivated CDs, while, chitin was used to nucleate nitrogen-surface passivated CDs. Pectin-treated with base (4.1 ± 1.8 nm) and chitin-treated acid (3.5 ± 1.7 nm) were ingrained the smallest O-surface passivated CDs and N-surface passivated CDs, respectively. However, N-surface passivated CDs were shown with the highest optical activity. CDs colloids prepared from alginate, pectin & chitin, resulted in reduction of tumor cell viability percentage to be 80.8%, 74.0% & 69.0% respectively. O-surface passivated CDs nucleated from alginate showed the highest anti-proliferative effects. Moreover, O-surface passivated CDs (from alginate) showed the supremacy in inhibition of inflammation, while, increasing of its concentration ten times resulted in significant increment in inhibition percent to be 28% & 42%, using 1 μg/mL & 10 μg/mL, respectively. In summarization, it could be decided that, compared to N-surface passivated CDs (from chitin), O-surface passivated CDs (from alginate) showed excellency in application as a concurrent anti-inflammatory/antitumor drug, to be applied as a potential therapeutical reagent for treatment of inflammation, in production of vaccines, immune-therapeutics, and immune-suppressive drugs.

Significant attention has been paid to the conversion of benzylamine into very valuable organic intermediates via selective photocatalytic oxidation using modified MOFs with acetylacetonate linker.