Aigul Makulbekkyzy Bakirbekova

Type of the article: Research ArticleAbstractClimate disasters increasingly damage infrastructure financed through public-private partnerships (PPPs), yet little is known about how such shocks reshape PPP markets. This paper aims to determine how climate disasters and national adaptation readiness affect PPP activity and design in developing and emerging economies. The analysis uses a balanced panel of 129 economies (2000–2024) with 8,213 PPP financial closures from the World Bank PPI Database merged with the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative index, the EM-DAT international disaster database, and World Bank governance and development indicators, and estimates two-way fixed-effects linear and Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood models, with damage and GDP in current US dollars. Neither average damage nor major disasters (damage of at least 1% of GDP) show a robust association with the number of closures; post-event coefficients are negative but mostly insignificant, no pre-event decline is detected, and placebo event dates yield estimates of similar size. A positive coefficient at catastrophic levels (at least 5% of GDP) rests on a single episode and is not read as a reconstruction surge. Project composition does respond. After major disasters, the number of non-renewable closures falls by about 38% (p < 0.001), and by more where readiness is low, while renewable closures are unchanged. A one-standard-deviation improvement in regulatory quality is associated with a 12.6-percentage-point higher probability of a PPP closure (p < 0.01) and roughly 131% larger investment (p < 0.001). Case profiles of Armenia, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine reflect the same dominance of institutions. Regulatory strengthening and standby pipelines that keep conventional deals alive through disaster windows are the main levers for disaster-proofing PPP programs.AcknowledgmentsThis study was conducted within the framework of the research project “Digitalization of the Public-Private Partnership System as a Driver of the State’s Economic Security in the War and Post-War Periods” (state registration No. 0126U000543), funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.

The article provides a detailed examination of how foreign investments influence the economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study examines the contribution of foreign capital to industrial and innovative growth, modernization of production infrastructure, introduction of modern technologies and management experience. The regulatory framework and mechanisms for supporting investment policy are differentiated, and the structural features and main directions of foreign direct investment are determined. At the same time, along with the positive impact of foreign investments on economic growth, the risks arising from national security, capital outflow and competitiveness of domestic production are reflected. The results of the study show that effective management of foreign investments is an important factor in diversifying and ensuring the sustainable development of Kazakhstan’s economy. However, dependence on raw materials industries makes the country vulnerable to external shocks, especially in 2024, as evidenced by the recent decline in FDI inflows and capital outflows. For sustainable growth, Kazakhstan needs to diversify investments into manufacturing, the digital economy and transport corridors, as well as increase the sustainability of the investment climate. Investments in infrastructure reconstruction and technological development in the construction of main pipelines, modernization of railway lines and creation of logistics hubs will strengthen Kazakhstan’s energy and transport links.The use of renewable energy sources (solar and wind power plants) and digital infrastructure is also developing. The proposed recommendations on the scientific and practical significance of the research results can be useful for both government program development and private organizations.

This article presents a study on estimating the effectiveness of occupational safety and health (OSH) cost accounting and analysis systems at the enterprise level using statistical and modeling methods. The research adapts approaches previously applied in modeling social processes to the OSH domain, including the construction of empirical dependencies, selection of functional forms (linear, exponential, logarithmic, power, rational), and parameter estimation through the least squares method. Statistical data on OSH expenditures, workplace incidents, and risk factors were analyzed to identify functional relationships between costs and outcomes, such as reduced accident rates and improved productivity. Scenario forecasting was applied to develop pessimistic and optimistic projections based on Wald’s criterion, allowing for a more robust evaluation of cost efficiency. The results demonstrate both successful practices and problematic aspects, offering statistically grounded recommendations for optimizing OSH cost accounting systems. The findings are expected to be of practical value for managers, OSH and risk management specialists, and researchers, contributing to evidence-based strategies for enhancing workplace safety and efficiency.

Данная статья освещает современное состояние транспортно-логистической отрасли Казахстана, динамику показателей за прошедшие десять лет и основные тенденции развития. Представлена структура объемов пассажира и грузовых перевозок по видам транспорта, а также изменение этих показателей в сравнении с предыдущим периодом, доли видов транспорта по итогам 2023 года, где основные перевозки осуществляются железнодорожным транспортом. Проанализированы объемы перевозок по всем видам транспорта, где основная доля из-за экономической эффективности приходится к трубопроводному и железнодорожному транспорту. Несмотря на то, что Казахстан за последние 15 лет инвестировал в данную отрасль 35 млрд долларов и имеются прогнозы, что доля транспорта и логистики в ВВП Казахстана вырастет с 6,2 % в 2022 году до 9 % к 2025 году. Решение вышеуказанных проблем видится в виде обновления и капитального ремонта через крупные инвестиционные вложения. Касательно логистического направления выявлена высокая необходимость в создании и развитии логистической инфраструктуры через региональные центры логистики. Проведенные исследования по общему рейтингу в Индексе эффективности логистики Logistics performance index (LPI) свидетельствуют, что позиция Казахстана снизилась в сравнение с 2018 годом и переместилась на 79 позицию. Ключевые слова: транспорт, транспортно-логистическая отрасль, железнодорожный транспорт, автомобильный транспорт, воздушный транспорт, морской транспорт

Shaping energy-saving behavior in education system plays huge and obvious role in economic and social development. While there is a large amount of literature covering the issues of technical advancements in implementation of energy-saving technologies, organizational and technical aspects of world experience, there is still a lack of publications exploring the scale and features of energy-saving behavior in education system. This paper analyzes features of shaping energy-saving behavior at three levels: school, university, and communities. It systematically reviews 119 WoS and Scopus studies, which allowed us to determine influence factors and prospects of shaping energy-saving behavior for the younger generation and community reps. The paper sets four research questions aimed at data analysis. The results showed (a) the lack of research on issues related to shaping of energy-saving behavior at the school and university levels; (b) that mainly, literature focuses on a comprehensive study of individual and socio-demographic factors affecting energy-saving behavior of communities; (c) that at the university and school levels, situational and individual factors have the greatest impact on energy-saving behavior of students; gaps in socio-demographic factor research; and d) as prospects of shaping energy-saving behavior of students, development of educational programs, implementation of state policy on energy conservation, information on energy conservation issues can be highlighted – all from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic to the present. The paper is intended for researchers, education and energy experts interested in possibilities of educational technologies in shaping energy-saving behavior.

The goal – is to show the current situation in the development of poultry farming as the most dynamic branch of the agro-industrial complex in Kazakhstan, to outline the prospects for production of products that can be produced in large quantities in the shortest period of time, regardless of the season. Methods – verbal, graphic, mathematical, iteration. Results – it is noted that many regions of the republic have favorable conditions for expanding the poultry sector, and the products of poultry farms make up the majority of the population's diet. The article presents illustrative materials that analyze the indicators of egg and meat production as the main areas of livestock production and dietary products with a high protein content. Poultry farms can incubate eggs to increase production. In addition, the poultry subcomplex specializes in production of not only meat and edible eggs, but also by-products: feathers, down, organic fertilizers for plants (droppings). Conclusions – problems of the functioning of poultry industry, which is characterized by a big contribution to agricultural economy, are mentioned. Proposals on the efficient use of labor resources and production means, ensuring the stability of cash flow throughout the year, high productivity and profitability, and quick payback of investments have been developed. The stable development of poultry farming will provide a number of indisputable advantages in the future: a new level of small and medium-sized businesses, the emergence of additional jobs, the provision of domestic high-quality products, and decrease in the share of imports. Purposeful work aimed to improve the fodder base, introduction of resource-saving energy-intensive technologies are essetial.

The current state of development of the agro-industrial complex in Kazakhstan is characterized by insufficient degree of application of innovations that ensure large-scale production in this area. High risks, low level of profitability of the industry and regional peculiarities impede the growth of innovative activity. In this regard, the development of mechanisms and technologies for innovative development management is relevant. The goal is to study the problems of regulation of innovation in agricultural sector, taking into account the specifics of the regions of the republic, to develop proposals and recommendations for its improvement. Results - the authors state that the introduction of new technologies will increase the need for cooperation between farms by increasing the science intensity of the AIC. Currently, the technical and technological indicators of agricultural producers, the efficiency of business processes lag significantly behind the developed countries. It is shown that despite many advanced assessment and analysis models, issues related to the methods and techniques for determining the productivity of agricultural entities require the in-depth study in order to adapt to the constantly changing conditions. Conclusions - one of the main factors in the modernization of agro-industrial production is to increase the volume of the domestic food market and export resources by increasing the quality and competitiveness of the products. State regulation, management and support form the basis of innovation policy at the regional level - a continuous process that contributes to the transformation of technical, technological, organizational ideas and developments into concrete practical solutions in order to transfer agricultural enterprises to a qualitatively new scale of development. For the implementation of national innovation projects, it is necessary to take into account the legal, economic and managerial parameters. Economic entities of the agro-industrial complex should work in close cooperation with scientific institutions; receive advisory information on possible changes in the concept of their production to a more promising and innovative one.

The relevance of the topic of the article - the issues of innovative development of agroindustrial complex of Kazakhstan, which provides large-scale production, require detailed study. The goal - is to consider the positive aspects of the best practices of foreign countries regarding this problem and develop practical recommendations. Methods - generalization, quantitative and qualitative analysis, abstract logical. Results - in order to apply high technologies in agricultural sector, economically developed countries use subsidy systems, price support (USA), government assistance in obtaining income per hectare and payments for livestock (EU countries), income support through payments (Canada) and concessional lending (Brazil). In addition to financial assistance, agricultural producers in the USA, Canada and other countries are provided with information, legal, innovation, marketing, insurance and other types of support. Conclusions - innovative processes, expansion of the competitive environment in the AIC presuppose the effective use of scientific and technical potential, integration of science, education and production, technological modernization of the economy based on progressive methods. Innovation is reflected in the implementation of the strategic objectives of ensuring food security and effective regulation of the domestic food market in order to stimulate labor productivity in agriculture, increase export potential of agricultural sector. It is necessary to combine innovative activity in domestic agro-industrial production with international practice, which will increase production capacity of agrarian sector of the republic. The development trends of the world market convincingly show that there can be no other way in Kazakhstan than the formation of a new type of economy, widespread innovation.

The article is devoted to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Kazakhstan which is recognized worldwide as an effective lever for economic growth of the country. It examines the current status and scope of activity of this business in Kazakhstan, as well as the possibility of its development in the future. It was found that the level of SMEs development in the low country, and the current structure of employment of its subjects are far from perfect. The causes of structural deformation of SMEs in business which is related to its lack of development in the industrial sector; the lack of its subjects in the manufacture of certain sectors define the intensive development of the economy. On the example of developed countries, where SMEs take the largest share in the production of the gross domestic product, the substantiation of the possibility of transformation of the business into a major sector of the economy in terms of its development on an innovative basis. Particular attention is paid to the SMEs creation around new innovative enterprises using the outsourcing system, franchising, and other business cooperation. At the same time recommendations on the use of the state to support mechanism to accelerate the growth of SMEs in the industrial sector and fully implement its technical industrial and socio-economic potential.