Blanka Klimova

Language impairment is a core clinical manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that profoundly affects autonomy, decision-making, and social participation. Building upon the 2015 review by Kuca et al., this narrative review synthesizes empirical evidence from 2016 through 2026. A structured Web of Science Core Collection search retrieved 154 records. Following screening, 66 records were excluded and 88 full-text reports were appraised, of which 13 were consolidated, yielding 75 cited core empirical studies alongside foundational diagnostic, neuropathological, and trial benchmarks. Four main areas are synthesized. First, progressive linguistic decline across clinical stages is characterized, delineating typical amnestic AD dementia, mild cognitive impairment due to AD, and the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA), highlighting the necessity of biological amyloid and tau biomarker confirmation. Second, automated speech and natural language processing biomarkers have emerged as scalable tools predicting progression to dementia and detecting biological amyloid-beta positivity; however, real-world translation remains constrained by demographic bias, cross-linguistic variations, acoustic sensitivity, and privacy issues. Third, non-pharmacological interventions, including structured language stimulation and naming therapy, demonstrate measurable task-specific improvements; nevertheless, gains are largely restricted to trained items with minimal transfer to everyday discourse. Caregiver communication training programs reliably improve dyadic interactions and mitigate caregiver distress. Fourth, approved symptomatic drugs do not directly reverse language decline, and add-on memantine in the randomized ROMEO-AD trial produced no statistically significant language benefit over donepezil alone. Disease-modifying anti-amyloid antibodies offer biological intervention for biomarker-positive lvPPA, but pivotal trials lacked primary speech endpoints, establishing eligibility rather than demonstrated language recovery. Non-invasive neuromodulation remains preliminary and requires sham-controlled trials. Communication should be recognized as a distinct clinical outcome in trial designs, prioritizing standardized speech endpoints to assess disease-modifying therapies.

The purpose of this systematic review is to critically evaluate experimental evidence on the usefulness of mobile- or computer-based foreign-language applications for adults aged fifty-five years and older who are free from cognitive impairment. A systematic search of Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus identified studies published without date or language restrictions. The findings from the detected studies indicate significant improvements in receptive vocabulary or composite language-proficiency scores (hedges g = 0.30–0.60). The only one randomized controlled trial found that sixteen weeks of Duolingo practice produced executive-function gains equivalent to a commercial brain-training program and superior to wait-list control. Smaller pilots documented modest enhancements in global cognition and attention. Qualitative feedback highlighted clear interfaces, adjustable font sizes, gamified progress cues, and social features as key engagement drivers, while onboarding complexity and low-contrast designs were recurrent barriers. Preliminary evidence shows that well-designed language-learning applications are highly beneficial for cognitively healthy older adults, support measurable language gains, and can yield short-term executive-function benefits when delivered at sufficient intensity.

With ongoing technological advancements, the dynamics of organizational communication and employee job satisfaction have become increasingly complex, presenting significant challenges for modern organizations. This study emphasizes these relationships, mediated by organizational commitment. Four hundred and seventeen (417) participants from Guangzhou, China, were chosen for this study. The results were examined and extensively discussed using Hayes’ mediation model in SPSS. A positive and significant relationship was found between all three organizational communication satisfaction factors (relational, informational, and informational-relational communication), organizational commitment, and job satisfaction, determined by the total and direct effect. The study's findings also reported a mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational communication satisfaction, as determined by the standardized indirect effect. The significance of this study is rooted in the exploration of the proposed relationship and validation of the suggested model. Hence, employers must focus on and strengthen internal communication to cultivate a sense of belonging to the organization, which reinforces commitment and increases overall job satisfaction. Finally, this finding presents new opportunities for future researchers in this field and adds to the body of knowledge by identifying the variables that influence job satisfaction in the context of China.