Linge Wang

The rapid advancement of electronic information technology has intensified concerns regarding electromagnetic radiation pollution, thereby increasing the demand for lightweight, broadband, and effective microwave absorbers. In this study, polystyrene microspheres (PSM) were used as the core matrix, modified with polydopamine (PDA) on the surface, and subsequently self-assembled with MXene nanosheets to construct a core–shell structure. The resulting PSM@PDA@MXene (PPM) composites were systematically evaluated for their wave absorption performance by varying the MXene content and loading ratio, and the underlying absorption mechanisms were thoroughly investigated. Remarkably, at an MXene mass fraction of 10 wt %, the material exhibits a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −48.03 dB at 17.44 GHz at a thickness of 1.5 mm, and achieves an effective absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ −10 dB) of 4.78 GHz at a thickness of 1.7 mm. This work provides valuable insights and a theoretical foundation for developing MXene-based microwave absorbers through interface engineering and structural design.

Flexible piezoresistive sensors are highly desirable for wearable health monitoring, yet balancing ultrahigh sensitivity and wide pressure detection range is a major bottleneck restricting their applications in electronic skin and soft robots. This work constructs a hierarchical piezoresistive sensor through a simple three-step fabrication: electrospinning PVDF/PAN fiber networks, polydopamine (PDA) surface modification, and in situ polypyrrole (PPy) polymerization for conductive sensing layers. As a dual-function interlayer, PDA forms hydrogen and covalent bonds with PPy to yield uniform, firm conductive coatings. The link between PPy morphology and sensing performance is clarified by regulating polymerization parameters. At a pyrrole concentration of 3 g/L, the optimized sensor achieves a high sensitivity of 220.88 kPa⁻¹ (0–10 kPa) and stable linear signals up to 1 MPa, with superior cycling durability over 5000 cycles and good biocompatibility. This scalable fabrication resolves the sensitivity–range tradeoff, promising wearable medical monitoring and human–machine interaction devices.

Diabetic infected wounds heal poorly due to the synergistic effects of hyperglycemia, persistent microbial colonization, and chronic inflammation. We developed a pH‐switchable artificial skin dressing TPI‐PADL, to address these challenges. This system adapts to changes in the wound microenvironment over time. The dressing incorporates polydopamine and L‐arginine modified PtAu nanozymes into a conductive ionogel–fiber scaffold. In the acidic and hyperglycemic conditions of early infection, the nanozymes exhibit glucose oxidase–like and cascade catalytic activities, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The elevated ROS levels effectively kill bacteria and disrupt biofilms. As the wound environment shifts toward neutral pH, the nanozyme activity changes. The system begins to scavenge excess ROS and generate oxygen. The released oxygen reduces oxidative stress and improves local oxygen supply. These changes promote angiogenesis and guide macrophages toward a pro‐healing phenotype. In vitro and in vivo evaluations confirm that TPI‐PADL coordinates antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and pro‐regenerative effects. The ionogel network provides strain‐sensing capability. This feature enables real‐time monitoring of mechanical changes during healing. This strategy integrates therapy and sensing in a single platform for diabetic wound management.

Energy harvesting devices are the critical components in the self-powered wearable microelectronic systems. However, insufficient electrical output limits their effectiveness as wearable power supplies, and poor moisture/thermal management often causes discomfort, particularly with sweat release. Here, we report a self-powered, self-cooling fabric that not only enhances electrical output but also actively improves wear comfort by pumping out sweat through directional water transport. This synergistic effect of water removal and ion migration enables simultaneous electricity generation and cooling. The fabric was rationally designed to balance power output with comfort: water evaporation on the liquid diode with gradient wetting channels reaches 0.56 g·h⁻¹, effectively dehumidifying and dissipating body heat with a temperature reduction of 6.3 °C. The devices deliver a DC current output of 0.40 mA·cm⁻²—twice that of devices without the liquid diode—sufficient to power a wide range of practical wearable electronics.

Polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) has emerged as a versatile and scalable approach for producing block copolymer nanoparticles with precisely controlled, narrow size distributions. However, the mechanism by which PISA via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization achieves narrow particle size distributions despite potentially broad polymer molecular weight distributions remains unclear, likely reflecting the influence of its process control. Time‐resolved small‐angle X‐ray scattering (TR‐SAXS) provides a means to monitor PISA in real‐time. In this study, PISA was applied to the synthesis of liquid crystalline spherical micelles, allowing detailed observation of nucleation and particle growth. Variations in the macromolecular chain transfer agent (macro‐CTA) concentration modulated early‐stage reaction conditions, influencing the structural evolution of the core‐forming block in pre‐existing nuclei from interdigitated to partially and fully non‐interdigitated conformations. These findings advance the mechanistic understanding of process control in PISA for potential applications including but not limited in optical and biological fields, particularly with respect to nucleation and particle growth.

This review thoroughly evaluates the advancements and applications of electrospun functional fiber-based pressure sensors in healthcare diagnostics. Electrospinning is a versatile technique for producing micro- and nanoscale fibers with high surface-to-volume ratios and tunable porosity, making it an excellent platform for highly sensitive, flexible, and wearable sensing structures. The survey focuses on integrating piezoelectric and piezoresistive materials into electrospun fiber mats. These materials are key to transduction mechanisms, converting mechanical pressure stimuli into electrical signals by varying charge or resistance. Key healthcare applications based on pressure are critically evaluated, including wearable vital sign monitors (pulse and respiration), body motion detection for rehabilitation, gait analysis, smart prosthetics, and real-time wound-healing assessment through pressure distribution mapping. Fiber-based sensors offer high sensitivity, lower detection limits, flexibility, biocompatibility, breathability, and adaptability to complex body contours. Findings reveal that the sensitivity of the multilayer sensor (996.7 kPa-1) is far greater than that of the composite sensor (0.21 kPa-1), enabling precise detection of pulse and joint movements. Several limitations have also been addressed, including signal stability and durability, ecological interference (including humidity and temperature), scalable manufacturing, and seamless integration with electronics for continuous monitoring. Future research directions are provided for developing novel, multifunctional, and self-powered materials that enhance environmental resilience, scalable fabrication, and wireless data transmission. Finally, it is concluded that electrospun fiber sensors are poised to transform personalized, non-invasive, and continuous health monitoring, advancing next-generation, innovative healthcare systems.

Cuproptosis offers a promising alternative to apoptosis-based cancer therapies but faces challenges, such as poor tumor drug accumulation, rapid clearance of copper ionophores, and high intracellular glutathione (GSH). Herein, we developed a GSH-responsive prodrug polymersome (PED@ICG) for copper-independent cuproptosis and synergistic photothermal therapy. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) was covalently attached via disulfide bonds, ensuring a GSH-triggered release and intracellular GSH depletion. The amphiphilic polyprodrug formed stable polymersomes, and ICG coloading endowed imaging ability and NIR-activated photothermal heating. PED@ICG exhibited efficient cellular uptake through dynamin-mediated endocytosis, achieved deep tumor penetration, and selectively released DTC within the reductive tumor microenvironment. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated potent anticancer efficacy without the need for exogenous copper, while NIR irradiation further enhanced therapeutic outcomes through localized hyperthermia. This work offers a promising strategy for precise cuproptosis modulation and photothermal synergism, providing a clinically translatable nanoplatform for copper-independent tumor therapy.