Hermann Held
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
Previous Organizations / Institutes
The organizations / institutes from the scholar's other articles in the past ten years
Research Subjects
Hermann Held has a total of 11 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- Alexander Lorenz
Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
1 shared publication - Chao Li
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg 20146, Germany
1 shared publication - Colin Bien
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
1 shared publication - Elmar Kriegler
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
1 shared publication - Jochem Marotzke
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
1 shared publication - Mareike Schauss
Faculty of Education, Geography Education, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
1 shared publication
Latest Publications
- Open Access
- 1 January 2023
- Published by Springer Nature
- p. 383-390
Entscheidungen unter Unsicherheit in komplexen Systemen
Zusammenfassung: Das Kapitel nimmt Fragen des Umgangs mit Unsicherheiten und Bandbreiten der Klimafolgenprojektionen in den Blick, die vor allem angesichts hoher Schadens-, aber auch Vermeidungskosten eine große Herausforderung für die gesellschaftliche Meinungsfindung und das Handeln von Entscheidungsträgern und -trägerinnen darstellen. Wichtige gesellschaftliche Entscheidungen betreffen üblicherweise Handlungen, deren Ziel es ist, Veränderungen an komplexen Systemen vorzunehmen, um das System noch besser auf die Herausforderungen der Zukunft auszurichten. In der Regel lassen sich jedoch die Folgen solcher Entscheidungen nicht genau vorhersagen. Bei den meisten Entscheidungen, die komplexe Umweltsysteme betreffen, spielt Unsicherheit deshalb eine entscheidende Rolle. Das Kapitel stellt verschiedene Methoden vor, unter Unsicherheit zu entscheiden, und plädiert für Risikominderung durch breite und offene Dialogprozesse.
- 1 January 2023
- Published by Springer Nature
- p. 383-390
Open AccessEntscheidungen unter Unsicherheit in komplexen Systemen
Zusammenfassung: Das Kapitel nimmt Fragen des Umgangs mit Unsicherheiten und Bandbreiten der Klimafolgenprojektionen in den Blick, die vor allem angesichts hoher Schadens-, aber auch Vermeidungskosten eine große Herausforderung für die gesellschaftliche Meinungsfindung und das Handeln von Entscheidungsträgern und -trägerinnen darstellen. Wichtige gesellschaftliche Entscheidungen betreffen üblicherweise Handlungen, deren Ziel es ist, Veränderungen an komplexen Systemen vorzunehmen, um das System noch besser auf die Herausforderungen der Zukunft auszurichten. In der Regel lassen sich jedoch die Folgen solcher Entscheidungen nicht genau vorhersagen. Bei den meisten Entscheidungen, die komplexe Umweltsysteme betreffen, spielt Unsicherheit deshalb eine entscheidende Rolle. Das Kapitel stellt verschiedene Methoden vor, unter Unsicherheit zu entscheiden, und plädiert für Risikominderung durch breite und offene Dialogprozesse.
- 20 October 2022
- Published by Oekom Publishers GmbH in GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society
- Vol. 31 (3) , 167-174
Die Darstellung von (Un-)Sicherheiten zum Thema Klimawandel in Schulbuchtexten für den Geografieunterricht
Werden gesicherte Erkenntnisse sowie Unsicherheiten zum Thema Klimawandel in Schulbüchern adäquat kommuniziert und bilden sie den aktuellen Diskurs ab? Im Rahmen der Studie werden Klimawandelkapitel in Schulbüchern analysiert und Vorschläge zu Gestaltung und Struktur von Schulbüchern entwickelt. Uncertainties are transparently presented and communicated in the Assessment Reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This study examines the extent to which textbooks reflect this discourse, in the sense of the Nature of Science. The aim is to identify the representation of both virtually certain findings and uncertainties on the topic of climate change in textbooks. For this purpose, climate change chapters in lower and upper secondary school geography textbooks were analyzed, using qualitative content analysis with deductive-inductive category formation according to Philipp Mayring. It was discovered that uncertainties are represented predominantly by linguistic means (e. g., subjunctive), while technical terminology (such as that of the IPCC) is hardly used. Similar results can be seen for virtually certain findings.
- 20 October 2022
- Published by Oekom Publishers GmbH in GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society
- Vol. 31 (3) , 167-174
Die Darstellung von (Un-)Sicherheiten zum Thema Klimawandel in Schulbuchtexten für den Geografieunterricht
Werden gesicherte Erkenntnisse sowie Unsicherheiten zum Thema Klimawandel in Schulbüchern adäquat kommuniziert und bilden sie den aktuellen Diskurs ab? Im Rahmen der Studie werden Klimawandelkapitel in Schulbüchern analysiert und Vorschläge zu Gestaltung und Struktur von Schulbüchern entwickelt. Uncertainties are transparently presented and communicated in the Assessment Reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This study examines the extent to which textbooks reflect this discourse, in the sense of the Nature of Science. The aim is to identify the representation of both virtually certain findings and uncertainties on the topic of climate change in textbooks. For this purpose, climate change chapters in lower and upper secondary school geography textbooks were analyzed, using qualitative content analysis with deductive-inductive category formation according to Philipp Mayring. It was discovered that uncertainties are represented predominantly by linguistic means (e. g., subjunctive), while technical terminology (such as that of the IPCC) is hardly used. Similar results can be seen for virtually certain findings.
- Open Access
- 18 June 2021
- Published by Copernicus GmbH
Cost efficient energy scenarios to meet climate targets: does a hedging approach change economic policy recommendations?
The last assessment report by the IPCC (AR5, WGIII, 2014) shows that the 2° target is compatible with continued economic growth and that the globally averaged short-term loss of consumption to finance an energy transition is 1%. Furthermore, initial work on the 1.5°C target shows that the economic expenditures are significantly higher, but are likely to be of the same order of magnitude.This complex of results on the costs of an energy transition was generated with the help of integrated energy and climate economic models, as a result of which hundreds of energy scenarios were evaluated. Most of these scenarios were generated without an explicit representation of uncertainty about essential input parameters such as the learning rates of individual energy technologies or climate sensitivity.This article examines the mechanisms through which explicit consideration of uncertainty has changed or could change policy recommendations. In particular, it is pointed out that the economic paradigm implicitly used in the above, asking for cost-minimal solutions under climate targets, needs to be generalized if one does not want to turn a blind eye to the possibility of future learning about uncertain parameters in today's investment planning.In this context, a separate approach (Held, 2019) is presented and discussed for which class of issues the energy scenarios summarized in the most recent IPCC report are robust under uncertainty and for which qualitatively different policy recommendations would result.ReferenceHeld, Cost Risk Analysis – Dynamically Consistent Decision-Making under Climate Targets, Environmental and Resource Economics, 72 (1), 247-261, DOI 10.1007/s10640-018-0288-y, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10640-018-0288-y (2019).
- 18 June 2021
- Published by Copernicus GmbH
Open AccessCost efficient energy scenarios to meet climate targets: does a hedging approach change economic policy recommendations?
The last assessment report by the IPCC (AR5, WGIII, 2014) shows that the 2° target is compatible with continued economic growth and that the globally averaged short-term loss of consumption to finance an energy transition is 1%. Furthermore, initial work on the 1.5°C target shows that the economic expenditures are significantly higher, but are likely to be of the same order of magnitude.This complex of results on the costs of an energy transition was generated with the help of integrated energy and climate economic models, as a result of which hundreds of energy scenarios were evaluated. Most of these scenarios were generated without an explicit representation of uncertainty about essential input parameters such as the learning rates of individual energy technologies or climate sensitivity.This article examines the mechanisms through which explicit consideration of uncertainty has changed or could change policy recommendations. In particular, it is pointed out that the economic paradigm implicitly used in the above, asking for cost-minimal solutions under climate targets, needs to be generalized if one does not want to turn a blind eye to the possibility of future learning about uncertain parameters in today's investment planning.In this context, a separate approach (Held, 2019) is presented and discussed for which class of issues the energy scenarios summarized in the most recent IPCC report are robust under uncertainty and for which qualitatively different policy recommendations would result.ReferenceHeld, Cost Risk Analysis – Dynamically Consistent Decision-Making under Climate Targets, Environmental and Resource Economics, 72 (1), 247-261, DOI 10.1007/s10640-018-0288-y, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10640-018-0288-y (2019).
- Open Access
- 15 December 2020
- Published by Copernicus GmbH
Kostenminimale Energieszenarien zur Erfüllung von Klimazielen: Ändert ein Hedging-Ansatz die ökonomischen Politikempfehlungen?
Der letzte Sachstandsbericht des IPCC weist aus, dass das 2°-Ziel mit fortgesetztem Wirtschaftswachstum vereinbar ist und der global gemittelte kurzfristige Konsumverlust zur Finanzierung einer Energiewende 1% beträgt. Erste Arbeiten zum 1,5°-Ziel zeigen, dass die ökonomischen Aufwendungen signifikant höher ausfallen, sich jedoch noch in derselben Größenordnung bewegen dürften. Dieser Ergebnis-Komplex zu den Kosten einer Energiewende wurde mit Hilfe integrierter energie- und klimaökonomischer Modelle generiert, in dessen Folge hunderte von Energieszenarien ausgewertet wurden. Die meisten dieser Szenarien wurden ohne eine explizite Darstellung von Unsicherheit über wesentliche Eingangsparameter wie die Lernraten individueller Energietechnologien oder die Klimasensitivität erzeugt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird beleuchtet, über welche Mechanismen eine explizite Berücksichtigung von Unsicherheit Politikempfehlungen verändert hat oder verändern könnte. Dabei wird insbesondere darauf eingegangen, dass das in Obigem implizit verwendete ökonomische Paradigma, unter Klimazielen nach kostenminimalen Lösungen zu fragen, der Verallgemeinerung bedarf, will man bei heutiger Investitionsplanung die Augen vor der Möglichkeit künftigen Lernens über unsichere Parameter nicht verschließen. In diesem Zuge wird ein eigener Ansatz (Held, 2019) vorgestellt und diskutiert, für welche Klasse von Fragestellungen die im jüngsten IPCC-Bericht zusammengefassten Energieszenarien robust unter Unsicherheit sind und für welche sich qualitativ andere Politikempfehlungen ergeben würden. Literatur: Held, Cost Risk Analysis – Dynamically Consistent Decision-Making under Climate Targets, Environmental and Resource Economics, 72 (1), 247-261, DOI 10.1007/s10640-018-0288-y, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10640-018-0288-y (2019).
- 15 December 2020
- Published by Copernicus GmbH
Open AccessKostenminimale Energieszenarien zur Erfüllung von Klimazielen: Ändert ein Hedging-Ansatz die ökonomischen Politikempfehlungen?
Der letzte Sachstandsbericht des IPCC weist aus, dass das 2°-Ziel mit fortgesetztem Wirtschaftswachstum vereinbar ist und der global gemittelte kurzfristige Konsumverlust zur Finanzierung einer Energiewende 1% beträgt. Erste Arbeiten zum 1,5°-Ziel zeigen, dass die ökonomischen Aufwendungen signifikant höher ausfallen, sich jedoch noch in derselben Größenordnung bewegen dürften. Dieser Ergebnis-Komplex zu den Kosten einer Energiewende wurde mit Hilfe integrierter energie- und klimaökonomischer Modelle generiert, in dessen Folge hunderte von Energieszenarien ausgewertet wurden. Die meisten dieser Szenarien wurden ohne eine explizite Darstellung von Unsicherheit über wesentliche Eingangsparameter wie die Lernraten individueller Energietechnologien oder die Klimasensitivität erzeugt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird beleuchtet, über welche Mechanismen eine explizite Berücksichtigung von Unsicherheit Politikempfehlungen verändert hat oder verändern könnte. Dabei wird insbesondere darauf eingegangen, dass das in Obigem implizit verwendete ökonomische Paradigma, unter Klimazielen nach kostenminimalen Lösungen zu fragen, der Verallgemeinerung bedarf, will man bei heutiger Investitionsplanung die Augen vor der Möglichkeit künftigen Lernens über unsichere Parameter nicht verschließen. In diesem Zuge wird ein eigener Ansatz (Held, 2019) vorgestellt und diskutiert, für welche Klasse von Fragestellungen die im jüngsten IPCC-Bericht zusammengefassten Energieszenarien robust unter Unsicherheit sind und für welche sich qualitativ andere Politikempfehlungen ergeben würden. Literatur: Held, Cost Risk Analysis – Dynamically Consistent Decision-Making under Climate Targets, Environmental and Resource Economics, 72 (1), 247-261, DOI 10.1007/s10640-018-0288-y, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10640-018-0288-y (2019).
- Open Access
- 10 January 2020
- Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Science Advances
- Vol. 6 (2) , eaaw9490
Optimal temperature overshoot profile found by limiting global sea level rise as a lower-cost climate target
A global sea level rise target provides a more sustainable and a lower-cost solution to limit future climate change.
- 10 January 2020
- Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Science Advances
- Vol. 6 (2) , eaaw9490
Open AccessOptimal temperature overshoot profile found by limiting global sea level rise as a lower-cost climate target
A global sea level rise target provides a more sustainable and a lower-cost solution to limit future climate change.
- 13 September 2018
- Published by Springer Nature in Environmental and Resource Economics
- Vol. 72 (1) , 247-261
Cost Risk Analysis: Dynamically Consistent Decision-Making under Climate Targets
- 13 September 2018
- Published by Springer Nature in Environmental and Resource Economics
- Vol. 72 (1) , 247-261
Cost Risk Analysis: Dynamically Consistent Decision-Making under Climate Targets
- 1 January 2017
- Published by Oekom Publishers GmbH in GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society
- Vol. 26 (3) , 259-268
Die transformative Universität in der Gesellschaft: Ein Überblick über verschiedene Konzepte
Können und sollten Universitäten eine proaktive Rolle bei der Gestaltung einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung einnehmen und wie wäre diese Rolle gegebenenfalls auszugestalten? Die Antwort hängt davon ab, wie man das Verhältnis zwischen Universität und Gesellschaft sieht. Wer eine transformative Universität anstrebt, sollte die verschiedenen Interaktionsmodelle kennen.The discussion about universities’ potential to play a major role in the transformation towards a sustainable society is ongoing and often controversial. This is due to different perceptions of the role of the university and its contributions to society. For this reason, a review has been carried out into theoretical approaches that frame the relationship between university and society. After a systematization and short introduction of the different approaches, we look at their common architecture in order to derive key elements that have to be taken into account if a university wants to (re-)define its relationship with society. We describe different forms of a transformative university through the lens of each approach and we highlight conflicts that might arise in comparison with the traditional idea of a university. We conclude by breaking down the results of our analysis into three questions for universities wanting to become a transformative force for a sustainable society.
- 1 January 2017
- Published by Oekom Publishers GmbH in GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society
- Vol. 26 (3) , 259-268
Die transformative Universität in der Gesellschaft: Ein Überblick über verschiedene Konzepte
Können und sollten Universitäten eine proaktive Rolle bei der Gestaltung einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung einnehmen und wie wäre diese Rolle gegebenenfalls auszugestalten? Die Antwort hängt davon ab, wie man das Verhältnis zwischen Universität und Gesellschaft sieht. Wer eine transformative Universität anstrebt, sollte die verschiedenen Interaktionsmodelle kennen.The discussion about universities’ potential to play a major role in the transformation towards a sustainable society is ongoing and often controversial. This is due to different perceptions of the role of the university and its contributions to society. For this reason, a review has been carried out into theoretical approaches that frame the relationship between university and society. After a systematization and short introduction of the different approaches, we look at their common architecture in order to derive key elements that have to be taken into account if a university wants to (re-)define its relationship with society. We describe different forms of a transformative university through the lens of each approach and we highlight conflicts that might arise in comparison with the traditional idea of a university. We conclude by breaking down the results of our analysis into three questions for universities wanting to become a transformative force for a sustainable society.
- Open Access
- 27 August 2015
- Published by EDP Sciences in EPJ Web of Conferences
- Vol. 98, 06002
Climate targets and cost-effective climate stabilization pathways
Climate economics has developed two main tools to derive an economically adequate response to the climate problem. Cost benefit analysis weighs in any available information on mitigation costs and benefits and thereby derives an “optimal” global mean temperature. Quite the contrary, cost effectiveness analysis allows deriving costs of potential policy targets and the corresponding cost- minimizing investment paths. The article highlights pros and cons of both approaches and then focusses on the implications of a policy that strives at limiting global warming to 2 °C compared to pre-industrial values. The related mitigation costs and changes in the energy sector are summarized according to the IPCC report of 2014. The article then points to conceptual difficulties when internalizing uncertainty in these types of analyses and suggests pragmatic solutions. Key statements on mitigation economics remain valid under uncertainty when being given the adequate interpretation. Furthermore, the expected economic value of perfect climate information is found to be on the order of hundreds of billions of Euro per year if a 2°-policy were requested. Finally, the prospects of climate policy are sketched.
- 27 August 2015
- Published by EDP Sciences in EPJ Web of Conferences
- Vol. 98, 06002
Open AccessClimate targets and cost-effective climate stabilization pathways
Climate economics has developed two main tools to derive an economically adequate response to the climate problem. Cost benefit analysis weighs in any available information on mitigation costs and benefits and thereby derives an “optimal” global mean temperature. Quite the contrary, cost effectiveness analysis allows deriving costs of potential policy targets and the corresponding cost- minimizing investment paths. The article highlights pros and cons of both approaches and then focusses on the implications of a policy that strives at limiting global warming to 2 °C compared to pre-industrial values. The related mitigation costs and changes in the energy sector are summarized according to the IPCC report of 2014. The article then points to conceptual difficulties when internalizing uncertainty in these types of analyses and suggests pragmatic solutions. Key statements on mitigation economics remain valid under uncertainty when being given the adequate interpretation. Furthermore, the expected economic value of perfect climate information is found to be on the order of hundreds of billions of Euro per year if a 2°-policy were requested. Finally, the prospects of climate policy are sketched.
- 28 July 2011
- Published by Springer Nature in Environmental Modeling & Assessment
- Vol. 17 (1-2) , 163-175
Anticipating Climate Threshold Damages
- 28 July 2011
- Published by Springer Nature in Environmental Modeling & Assessment
- Vol. 17 (1-2) , 163-175
Anticipating Climate Threshold Damages
- 7 February 2000
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review Letters
- Vol. 84 (6) , 1160-1163
Beyond Nearest-Neighbor Spacing Distributions: A New Indicator for Core-Induced Chaos
We present a method for the statistical analysis of quantum spectra which goes beyond the standard nearest-neighbor spacing distribution. The method exploits a peculiar correlation of oscillator strength and level spacing distributions. For diamagnetic Rydberg spectra we demonstrate that core-induced chaos and generic chaos can be distinguished in an experimentally accessible regime far below the semiclassical limit and with already a few hundred lines per spectrum. We present two hypotheses for a generalization of our findings.
- 7 February 2000
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review Letters
- Vol. 84 (6) , 1160-1163
Beyond Nearest-Neighbor Spacing Distributions: A New Indicator for Core-Induced Chaos
We present a method for the statistical analysis of quantum spectra which goes beyond the standard nearest-neighbor spacing distribution. The method exploits a peculiar correlation of oscillator strength and level spacing distributions. For diamagnetic Rydberg spectra we demonstrate that core-induced chaos and generic chaos can be distinguished in an experimentally accessible regime far below the semiclassical limit and with already a few hundred lines per spectrum. We present two hypotheses for a generalization of our findings.