Shikder Saiful Islam

This study evaluated the production performance and profitability of an integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system by incorporating Indian major carp ( Labeo rohita ), small indigenous fish species (SIS) ( Amblypharyngodon mola ), snails ( Pila globosa ) and the floating vegetable water spinach ( Ipomoea aquatica ) into traditional freshwater prawn ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii ) ponds. Fifteen earthen ponds of 60 m ² were randomly allocated to five treatments: T ₁ ‐ prawn and rohu (finfish), T ₂ ‐ prawn, rohu and mola, T ₃ ‐ prawn, rohu, mola and snail, T ₄ ‐ prawn, rohu, mola, snail and water spinach. A control was maintained, stocked exclusively with prawns. The stocking densities of the species were 2, 0.1, 2 and 0.25 m ⁻² for prawns, rohu, mola and snails, respectively. In addition, 20 water‐spinach sprouts were planted in a floating bed of 0.14 m ² . The culture period of the experiment was 7 months. The average weight throughout the experiment, final weight, weight gain and gross production of prawns were significantly higher in T ₄ compared to the control group ( p < 0.05). A similar level of gross prawn production was observed in T ₃ , which also showed significantly higher survival and gross production of rohu compared to the other groups. In addition, the production of water‐spinach and snails made a surplus profit to T ₄ . The gross return, net profit and benefit cost ratio was significantly higher in T ₄ , followed by T ₃ and T ₂ , compared to T ₁ and control. The introduction of water spinach significantly reduced the concentrations of ammonia (0.02 ± 0.01mgL ⁻¹ ), nitrite (0.05 ± 0.03mgL ⁻¹ ), nitrate (0.27 ± 0.01mgL ⁻¹ ), phosphate (0.03 ± 0.00mgL ⁻¹ ) and free CO ₂ (7.52 ± 5.25) in pond water compared to other groups. This reduction is attributed to the biological purification of organic and inorganic waste, enhancing the overall utilization of the trophic layers. Therefore, the application of IMTA is crucial for sustainable prawn farming to ensure food and nutritional safety.

An experiment using a 4 × 3 factorial design was conducted to evaluate the impact of three commercial probiotics and a control (no probiotic treatment) on the growth, digestive, and immune enzymatic indices of prawns ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii ) at three stocking densities (2, 4, and 6 m ⁻² ). The experiment took place in rectangular earthen ponds with a surface area of 120 m ² and a water depth of 1.5–2.0 m. The prawns in the treatment groups were fed commercial pelleted feed supplemented with probiotics. The results indicated a significant interaction effect on weight gain (WG), daily weight gain (DWG), daily growth rate (DGR), relative growth rate (RGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival. Overall, prawns treated with probiotics showed better growth performance compared to nontreated groups. Prawn cultured with P ₁ at a stocking density of 4 m ⁻² had better nutritional value, including higher protein level. The activity of prophenoloxidase (proPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipase enzyme was higher in probiotic‐treated groups up to a stocking density of 6 m ⁻² compared to control groups ( p < 0.001). Probiotic P ₁ at stocking densities of 2 and 6 m ⁻² showed a significant interaction effect on the protease activity, with other probiotics also enhancing protease activity compared to control. This study highlights that the growth performance, proximate composition, protease, and lipase activity, as well as proPO and SOD activity, of prawns can be improved through the application of probiotic P ₁ . In conclusion, the study suggests that commercial probiotics enriched with bacterial compositions like P ₁ can be effectively used for culture intensification of prawns.

This study investigated the production performance, household fish consumption, and commercial feasibility of prawn–carp–mola mixed gher farming system. Three treatments with different species compositions were compared: prawn + rohu, prawn + mola, and prawn + rohu + mola, each having different stocking densities. The results indicated that the integration of mola improved the utilization of feed protein by prawns. However, mola inclusion did not significantly affect the growth of prawn and rohu or the production system's cost. Mola inclusion led to a significant increase in the gross production, household consumption, and sale of mola, prawn, and rohu. It also increased gross returns, income above variable cost, and net returns to land, family labor, and management. In addition, the inclusion of mola significantly increased household consumption by increasing the intake of nutrient‐rich mola and overall fish consumption. This improvement in food consumption contributed to ensuring the nutritional requirements and food security of impoverished rural farmers, especially women and children. Consequently, the integration of small fish mola in prawn–carp gher farming systems is recommended as a beneficial practice for wider adoption, effectively addressing household nutrition security at the rural level and improving the livelihoods of farmers.

The giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is a high‐yielding prawn variety well‐received worldwide due to its ability to adapt to freshwater culture systems. Macrobrachium rosenbergii is an alternative to shrimp typically obtained from marine and brackish aquaculture systems. However, the use of intensive culture systems can lead to disease outbreaks, particularly in larval and post‐larval stages, caused by pathogenic agents such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, yeasts and protozoans. White tail disease (viral), white spot syndrome (viral) and bacterial necrosis are examples of economically significant diseases. Given the increasing antibiotic resistance of disease‐causing microorganisms, probiotics have emerged as promising alternatives for disease control. Probiotics are live active microbes that are introduced into a target host in an adequate number or dose to promote its health. In the present paper, we first discuss the diseases that occur in M. rosenbergii production, followed by an in‐depth discussion on probiotics. We elaborate on the common methods of probiotics administration and explain the beneficial health effects of probiotics as immunity enhancers. Moreover, we discuss the antagonistic effects of probiotics on pathogenic microorganisms. Altogether, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of disease control in M. rosenbergii aquaculture through the use of probiotics, which could enhance the sustainability of prawn culture.

The invasive alien species (IAS) are widely recognized as a significant threat to marine biodiversity and severely affect ecosystem services. There has been no measurable global assessment of their impacts and routes of introduction. This review highlights some aspects of invasive species and their impacts on the ecosystem in general. For many roots like global transportation, biological pest control, climate changes, and sometimes commercial, invasive species are introduced into the new environments. Afterward, the invasive species are rapidly dominant over the indigenous species because of their first growth, rapid reproduction, ecological competence, and phenotypic plasticity, consequently, altering the structure of Ecosystems and deterring the biological and physical organization of the system. Many policies have been introduced to stop the destruction produced by invasive animals and plants and to prevent upcoming invasions. Some critical components of getting rid of invasion are concern about transporting wildlife to new areas, Ballast water in tankers, aquarium species, and shipping.

In order to estimate the fecundity, reproductive character and feeding habit of Liza parsia, 75 gravid females were collected from Pasur River and different shrimp farms of Khulna district. The equation for the total length-body weight and standard length-body weight relationship of the species were found to be BW = 9.769 x TL - 101.4 (R² = 0.883) and BW = 9.921 x SL - 77.19 (R² = 0.865) respectively. The condition factor ranged from 10.12-15.05 having mean value of 12.35+1.08. Fecundity of Liza parsia ranged from 56541 to 188860 and the mean fecundity was calculated as 122999±30035. Total weight of the gonad varied from 5.41 to 18.41 g where the left lobe of the ovary varied from 2.78 to 9.57 g and the right lobe varied from 2.63 to 9.25 g. The mean weight of the right lobe of the gonad was 5.942±1.409 g where the mean weight of the left lobe was 5.589±1.381 g and the mean weight of gonad was 11.532±2.773 g. The regression equation for fecundity with total length, standard length, body weight and gonad weight was estimated as F= -176359+16034.5 x TL (R2=0.60), F= -132956+16059.9 x SL (R2=0.57), F= -5595.3+1588.79 x TL (R2=0.63), F= 9048.16+9881.27 x GW (R2=0.83) respectively. The regression equation for total length, standard length and body weight with the gonad weight was estimated as GW= -19.154+1.64 x TL (R2=0.74) and GW= -1.78+0.16 x BW (R2=0.80) respectively. The GSI values obtained in the present study varied between 7.90 to 17.61 with mean value of 14.20+1.65. The stomach contents were algae, diatoms, desmids, plant materials, annelids, crustacean, bivalves, fishes, detritus and sand grains. Food items indicated that they are omnivorous in its feeding habits.

Lectins are a unique group of nonimmune carbohydrate-binding proteins or glycoproteins that exhibit specific and reversible carbohydrate-binding activity in a non-catalytic manner. Lectins have diverse sources and are classified according to their origins, such as plant lectins, animal lectins, and fish lectins. Marine organisms including fish, crustaceans, and mollusks produce a myriad of lectins, including rhamnose binding lectins (RBL), fucose-binding lectins (FTL), mannose-binding lectin, galectins, galactose binding lectins, and C-type lectins. The widely used method of extracting lectins from marine samples is a simple two-step process employing a polar salt solution and purification by column chromatography. Lectins exert several immunomodulatory functions, including pathogen recognition, inflammatory reactions, participating in various hemocyte functions (e.g., agglutination), phagocytic reactions, among others. Lectins can also control cell proliferation, protein folding, RNA splicing, and trafficking of molecules. Due to their reported biological and pharmaceutical activities, lectins have attracted the attention of scientists and industries (i.e., food, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries). Therefore, this review aims to update current information on lectins from marine organisms, their characterization, extraction, and biofunctionalities.