Vasyl Syrvatka

The study analyzes the effect of the probiotic strain Enterococcus sp. SB12 on the antioxidant defense system of mice. The relevance of the study is due to the need to search for new strains capable of modulating the redox status without depleting the internal resources of the host organism. The experiment was conducted on white laboratory mice, which were orally administered a suspension of the studied strain for 28 days. The state of the oxidative-antioxidant balance was assessed by the intensity of lipid peroxidation (content of hydroperoxides and TBA-reactive substances, the level of protein carbonyls, and catalase activity. It was found that long-term use of Enterococcus sp. SB12 does not cause significant changes in the content of lipoperoxidation products and carbonyl groups of proteins, which indicates the absence of a prooxidant effect on cellular structures. Catalase activity remained at the level of the control group, indicating a stable state of the enzymatic defense chain and the absence of metabolic stress. It was found that Enterococcus sp. SB12 does not disturb the balance of free radicals and is characterized by high metabolic safety, which makes it promising for use in probiotic preparations.

According to the endosymbiotic theory of mitochondrial origin, an α‐proteobacterium entered a prokaryotic cell and, through symbiosis, evolved into the mitochondria—the powerhouse of the cell. Like other bacteria, the α‐proteobacteria generate their own extracellular vesicles (EVs), a trait that was passed onto the mitochondria, enabling them to generate mitochondria‐derived vesicles (MDVs). MDVs, similar to small EVs (sEVs), are vesicles ranging from 30 to 200 nm in diameter and carry cargo for degradation by lysosomes and peroxisomes. MDVs share several features with sEVs, including targeted cargo degradation, biogenesis, packaging into multivesicular bodies, nucleic acid and protein transportation, induction of immune responses, and surface antigen presentation. MDVs may also be released from the cell in a manner similar to sEVs, potentially influencing intercellular communication and immune responses. Furthermore, the presence of MDVs presents opportunities for early disease detection, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. In this review, we explore the differences and similarities between MDVs and EVs, including their roles in immunity.

In this study, we present the draft genome sequence of the Enterococcus sp. strain SB12, which was isolated from artisanal cheese of the Carpathian region (Ukraine). The de novo assembly produced 64 contigs, with a total length of 2,514,601 bp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed its proximity to the Enterococcus faecium strains.

Aim. Investigate the biological properties of actinomycetes from the rhizosphere of Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. and study their ability to produce bioactive compounds. Methods. Microbiological (isolation, synthesis of bioactive compounds), genetic and genetic engineering (isolation and analysis of total DNA, DNA gel electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing), bioinformatic (phylogenetic analysis) methods. Results. 21 actinomycete isolates were obtained from the samples of C. quitensis rhizosphere. Half of the isolates exhibited antagonistic properties towards at least one of 17 test cultures of pathogenic and phytopathogenic microorganisms. Some strains exhibited both antibacterial and antifungal activities. The majority of isolates (70-95 %) produced proteases, amylases, cellulases, almost 42 % – nitrate reductases, 20-25 % – pectinases and lipases, respectively. Conclusions. A collection of Antarctic actinomycetes has been created and characterized, which is promising for evaluating their metabolic potential as producers of antibiotics.

The activity of dissolved enzyme preparations during storage decreases, what leads to the loss of their biological activity and, as a result, reduces the effectiveness of the drugs. Therefore, the development of compositions that are able to maintain high activity of the hormone in dissolved form during long-term storage is relevant. The results of studies have shown that using sucrose as a stabilizing component for maintain gonadotropin activity is effective. It was found that during eight weeks of storage the best results on the preservation of gonadotropin activity during storage at 40°C were obtained in samples containing 75 mg/ml of sucrose compared to the sample of the control group. However, the highest gonadotropin activity was found when — 10 mg/ml L-lysine and 75 mg/ml sucrose were used as stabilizers. Studies of the dynamics of gonadotropin activity during long-term storage at 18–20°C showed that the addition of L-lysine and sucrose as stabilizing substances in the form of liposomal emulsion increases the preservation of chorionic hormone activity for 2 weeks of storage by 11.4% compared to similar composition pharmacological composition of the drug in aqueous form.

Optical Engineering (OE) publishes peer-reviewed papers reporting on research, development, and applications of optics, photonics, and imaging science and engineering.

Aim. The aim of the work was to create a space-organized system for oocytes maturation based on rabbits granulosa cells, hyaluronic acid (for structural organization of this system) and insulin, as an important growth factor. Methods. Cultivation of granulosa cells and oocytes maturation in vitro, biochemical determination of lactate dehydrogenase activity and cholesterol concentration, and determination of progesterone and estradiol concentrations by enzyme immunoassay were done. Results. Hyaluronic acid in concentration of 0.5 μg/ml increased proliferation of granulosa cells and progesterone concentration in the conditioned medium on 72 h of cultivation, and estradiol on 48 and 72 hours of cultivation was found. The degree of oocyte maturation to metaphase-2 was 85% by the influence of 10 μg/ml insulin. Same concentration of insulin increased granulosa cells proliferation, estradiol, progesterone and cholesterol concentration in the conditioning medium after 24 hours of cultivation. Conclusions. The optimal parameters of the combined spaceorganized culture system are 1 million cells/ml of granulose with the addition of 0.5 μg/ml hyaluronic acid and 10 μg/ml insulin, which creates the optimal conditions for the maturation of oocytes to metaphase-2 cell cycle. Keywords: oocytes, granulosa cells, hyaluronic acid, insulin, in vitro.

Slyvchyk YI, Shtapenko OV, Hevkan II, Syrvatka VY, Slyvchyk OY, Korbetsky AR. Effects of copper nanoparticles on the biochemical parameters of blood serum...