Tatyana V. Kovrigina

Background: This study is aimed at reducing liquid waste in the process of reverse osmotic demineralization of water using an electromagnetic treatment. A side effect of this is the deposition of salts on the reverse osmotic membranes used, which reduces their service life. This leads to a decrease in the performance of the equipment, and, respectively, the membranes used are subjected to further flushing or replacement. The article presents data on long-term tests conducted by Pavlodar Petrochemical Plant LLP on the effectiveness of electromagnetic treatment technology in the process of reverse osmotic purification of water vapor condensate to ensure a minimum volume of concentrate (brine) of no more than 10% and to prevent intensive salt deposition on reverse osmotic membranes. Aim: Investigate the possibility of using an electromagnetic treatment device to extend the service life of reverse osmotic membranes during steam condensate purification of Pavlodar Petrochemical Plant LLP. Materials and methods: For this study, "Termite" electronic hardness salt converter was used, which treats water with electromagnetic waves and not only prevents the formation of scale, but also removes the scale already present in the equipment. Findings: After being treated with an electromagnetic treatment device in the reverse osmosis process, samples of treated water showed a decrease in total salt content to 1.26 mg/kg and iron content from 84 to 10 µg/dm³. At the same time, the water's pH virtually stayed the same. The specific electrical conductivity of steam condensate was found to be 5.0 microns/cm, which corresponds to a value that does not exceed the required standards. Conclusion: Tests on steam condensate purification carried out by the Pavlodar Petrochemical Plant using pulsed electromagnetic treatment in the reverse osmosis process showed a positive result in reducing the total salt content, in particular iron, as well as water hardness.

The problem of treatment and neutralization of wastewater from chemical, petrochemical and oil refining industries is associated with the removing from them of suspended solid and plastic particles of pollution of various chemical natures, oil and petroleum products, heavy metals, surfactants, acids, alkalis, phenols and other harmful substances. To effectively treat water, various filters are used, which differ in parameters and characteristics. The purpose of this work is to determine the possibility of replacing cartridge filters used at PetroKazakhstan Oil Products LLP with easily regenerable bag filters. In the course of the research, it was found that the use of cartridge and bag filters contributes to more effective water treatment, in particular, from suspended sub- stances. When comparing them, we can say that the latter is advantageous in that it does not need to be changed when clogged, like a cartridge filter, but simply rinsed and used again in the technological chain. The bag element is quite simply washed in water, but if it is heavily clogged, it can be washed either in a solution of citric acid (20 g/l) or in an alkali solution (10 g/l).

The relevance of this work is of exceptional importance and is widely used in technological processes at most industrial enterprises, including oil refineries. Industrial enterprises of the oil industry are subject to strict controls on environmental protection, water consumption, and the quantity and quality of wastewater discharged. This article presents data on the treatment of recycled water before the clarification section by reverse osmosis using an electromagnetic treatment device. The authors made a pilot reverse osmosis unit with a capacity of 0.370 m3/h, the permeate output (for purified water) was 0.3 m3/h, the concentrate discharge was 0.07 m3/h. The test bench operates in a closed circuit, i.e. the permeate and brine are returned to the original container. The technological scheme of purification to the standards that meet the requirements of makeup water, as well as the technical specification for the design of industrial recycling water supply systems, has been developed.

The paper represents the research results for the process of crude oil-contaminated soil neutralization with the use of a neutralizer obtained on the basis ofhumic substances. Using physical methods (gas and liquid chromatography, fluorimetry, atomic absorption spectrometry, IR spectrometry), the element and group compositionswere determined for the crude oil-contaminated soil, neutralizer, and neutralized soil. Optimal parameters were determined for the process of the crude oil-contaminated soil neutralization under laboratory conditions:weight ratios of the crude oil-contaminated soil, neutralizer and water, and the temperature and neutralization process duration. The technological scheme was developed for the neutralization of the crude oil-contaminated soil in field conditions. It was found that low-boiling point hydrocarbon fractions (C₁₂–C₁₇) disappear completely at neutralization, the content of high-boiling point hydrocarbon fractions (C₂₀–C₂₃) is essentially increased, and the content of oil components and metals, including the toxic ones, is decreased. The engineering characteristics for nine mixtures of the stabilized soil, containing the neutralized soil, were evaluated under laboratory conditions and the conditions were determined for their use in road construction (with regard to road category, characteristic pavement layer, minimal air temperature). An experimental road section was constructed with the use of the stabilized soil with neutralized soil (40%).

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The kinetics of polycondensation of allyl bromide, epichlorohydrin oligomer, and polyethylenimine was studied. The rate constants and activation energies were determined.