Jana Popová

This study presents the first-ever published detection of two parallel winter continental gamma-ray glows in Central Europe, observed during a rare winter thunderstorm on Milešovka hill, Czech Republic. The combination of the hill's altitude of 837 m above sea level (a.s.l.) and the low altitude of the winter thunderstorm cloud resulted in an observation very near the acceleration region inside the thundercloud. The event was captured using a combination of advanced instruments, including a Ka-band cloud profiler (which enabled a detailed analysis of the storm's microphysics), a SEVAN large-area scintillation detector for monitoring ionizing radiation, and a staffed professional meteorological observatory. The radar data indicated the alignment of ice crystals within the cloud, strongly suggesting the presence of a substantial electric field. The findings offer valuable insights into winter thunderstorm dynamics in continental climates, with broader implications for studying high-energy atmospheric physics.

This study presents the first-ever detection of a winter continental gamma-ray glow in Central Europe, observed during a rare winter thunderstorm on Milešovka hill, Czechia. Unlike typical gamma-ray glow events, which are usually linked to significant electric field increases, this unique observation reveals that no substantial electric field change was recorded during the glow, challenging existing models of thunderstorm-related radiation. The event was captured using a combination of advanced instruments, including a Ka-band cloud profiler and a high-energy gamma-ray spectrometer, which enabled detailed analysis of the storm's microphysics. The radar data indicated the alignment of ice crystals within the cloud, strongly suggesting the presence of a substantial electric field, despite its weak measurement on the surface. This unexpected decoupling of electric field strength and gamma-ray glow generation opens new avenues for understanding the processes driving high-energy phenomena in thunderstorms. The findings offer valuable insights into winter thunderstorm dynamics in continental climates, with broader implications for the study of high-energy atmospheric physics.

This study presents the first-ever detection of a winter continental gamma-ray glow in Central Europe, observed during a rare winter thunderstorm on Milešovka hill, Czechia. Unlike typical gamma-ray glow events, which are usually linked to significant electric field increases, this unique observation reveals that no substantial electric field change was recorded during the glow, challenging existing models of thunderstorm-related radiation. The event was captured using a combination of advanced instruments, including a Ka-band cloud profiler and a high-energy gamma-ray spectrometer, which enabled detailed analysis of the storm's microphysics. The radar data indicated the alignment of ice crystals within the cloud, strongly suggesting the presence of a substantial electric field, despite its weak measurement on the surface. This unexpected decoupling of electric field strength and gamma-ray glow generation opens new avenues for understanding the processes driving high-energy phenomena in thunderstorms. The findings offer valuable insights into winter thunderstorm dynamics in continental climates, with broader implications for the study of high-energy atmospheric physics.

This contribution focuses on the change in 1h heavy precipitation distribution in response to the increasing air temperature in Czechia (Central Europe). The air temperature, the dew point temperature and the temperature of lifting condensation level are used as temperature characteristics. The change in the distribution of 1h precipitation measurements is compared with the results of reanalyses based on simulations of ALADIN-CZ NWP model and with the results of future climate simulations by ALADIN-CLIMAT-CZ climate model. In general, the increase in heavy precipitation appears clearly in the very upper part of precipitation distribution. Values of the upper percentiles of precipitation increase up to a certain temperature threshold and then they decrease, which is in line with other studies. This is also visible in the simulations of future climate.

This study presents the first-ever detection of a winter continental gamma-ray glow in Central Europe, observed during a rare winter thunderstorm on Milešovka hill, Czechia. Unlike typical gamma-ray glow events, which are usually linked to significant electric field increases, this unique observation reveals that no substantial electric field change was recorded during the glow, challenging existing models of thunderstorm-related radiation. The event was captured using a combination of advanced instruments, including a Ka-band cloud profiler and a high-energy gamma-ray spectrometer, which enabled detailed analysis of the storm's microphysics. The radar data indicated the alignment of ice crystals within the cloud, strongly suggesting the presence of a substantial electric field, despite its weak measurement on the surface. This unexpected decoupling of electric field strength and gamma-ray glow generation opens new avenues for understanding the processes driving high-energy phenomena in thunderstorms. The findings offer valuable insights into winter thunderstorm dynamics in continental climates, with broader implications for the study of high-energy atmospheric physics.

This study presents the first-ever detection of a winter continental gamma-ray glow in Central Europe, observed during a rare winter thunderstorm on Milešovka hill, Czechia. Unlike typical gamma-ray glow events, which are usually linked to significant electric field increases, this unique observation reveals that no substantial electric field change was recorded during the glow, challenging existing models of thunderstorm-related radiation. The event was captured using a combination of advanced instruments, including a Ka-band cloud profiler and a high-energy gamma-ray spectrometer, which enabled detailed analysis of the storm's microphysics. The radar data indicated the alignment of ice crystals within the cloud, strongly suggesting the presence of a substantial electric field, despite its weak measurement on the surface. This unexpected decoupling of electric field strength and gamma-ray glow generation opens new avenues for understanding the processes driving high-energy phenomena in thunderstorms. The findings offer valuable insights into winter thunderstorm dynamics in continental climates, with broader implications for the study of high-energy atmospheric physics.

This study presents the first-ever detection of a winter continental gamma-ray glow in Central Europe, observed during a rare winter thunderstorm on Milešovka hill, Czechia. Unlike typical gamma-ray glow events, which are usually linked to significant electric field increases, this unique observation reveals that no substantial electric field change was recorded during the glow, challenging existing models of thunderstorm-related radiation. The event was captured using a combination of advanced instruments, including a Ka-band cloud profiler and a high-energy gamma-ray spectrometer, which enabled detailed analysis of the storm's microphysics. The radar data indicated the alignment of ice crystals within the cloud, strongly suggesting the presence of a substantial electric field, despite its weak measurement on the surface. This unexpected decoupling of electric field strength and gamma-ray glow generation opens new avenues for understanding the processes driving high-energy phenomena in thunderstorms. The findings offer valuable insights into winter thunderstorm dynamics in continental climates, with broader implications for the study of high-energy atmospheric physics.

The article describes the equipment of the Milešovka meteorological observatory that is aimed at studying the internal structure of convective storms and storms accompanied by lightning. It also presents the developed numerical model of the cloud and its electrification called CEMW, which is used to simulate idealized and real storms. The article also includes a brief description of the obtained results with reference to published studies where the findings are described in detail. As main results, we consider newly developed methods and algorithms for processing data of the METEK 35c cloud profiler and the FURUNO WR2120 X-band weather radar, which were used in the research and development of the original CEMW mathematical model simulating cloud electrification and electrical discharges.

We implemented a cloud electrification submodel into the ICON NWP model. The implementation is done for two moment cloud microphysics and consists in modelling of charge concentrations of six hydrometeors (cloud water, rain, snow, ice, graupel and hail) and modelling of density of positive and negative ions. Concentration of ions is calculated by ion equation. The development of hydrometeors driven by the two moment cloud microphysics is reflected in the changes of electric charges of the hydrometeors and the number of positive and negative ions. It is assumed that the charge is evenly distributed in the mass of a hydrometeor and that the change in the mass of the hydrometeor leads to a corresponding change in the charge concentration of the hydrometeors. In the case of evaporation or sublimation, an increase in water vapor, at the expense of the mass of hydrometeors, is accompanied by increase in the number of ions. The charge separation is based on Takahashi’s data. At the conference, we will present our results of simulations of idealized convective storms.