Sadiye Kum

This study aimed to investigate the posthatching histological development of the chicken colon wall and the presence of dendritic cells (DCs) based on CD83, CD45 and MHC II expression. A total of 30 Ross 308 broiler chicks were used, with samples collected throughout the first two posthatching weeks. Crossmon's triple stain and Gordon and Sweet's silver impregnation technique were employed to determine the overall structure of the colon. CD45 and CD83 were assessed in frozen sections, while MHC II was examined in paraffin sections using the streptavidin‐biotin complex method. The colon wall became fully organised histologically by the end of the second week. Importantly, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the presence of CD83+ cells localised within a restricted band of the chicken colon muscle coat from hatching. These CD83+ cells, expressing neither CD45 nor MHC II, exhibited features consistent with follicular dendritic cell‐like cells within the reticular connective tissue of the muscular layer.

4-Nonylphenol (4-NP), an endocrine disruptor, is known to induce mutagenic, toxic, or carcinogenic effects, including testicular toxicity via inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. The objective of this work was to determine the capacity of lycopene (LC) and gallic acid (GA) to protect testicular histological structure, biochemical responses, and semen parameters in rats exposed to 4-NP. In this 28-day dietary trial, six groups (n= 6 per group) received treatment via oral gavage: a control (corn oil, 2 mL/kg/day), LC (10 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day), GA (50 mg/kg BW/day), 4-NP (125 mg/kg BW/day), LC + 4-NP (LC followed by 4-NP), and GA + 4-NP (GA followed by 4-NP) groups. The results indicated that 4-NP administration adversely affects the final body weight, testicular histology, seminiferous epithelium heights (SEHs) (4-NP: 57.95 ± 0.49, p : 0.000), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level, testis antioxidant capacity, testis malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and sperm viability and morphology. LC and GA supplementation significantly improved SEHs, activities of testis superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), and sperm viability compared to the 4-NP group. Moreover, LC and GA exposures decreased histopathological lesions, including germinal epithelial degeneration, vacuolization, immature germ cells in the tubular lumen, and congestion in the interstitial area. Furthermore, they lowered TUNEL-positive cell counts and tubule percentages, testicular MDA levels, and abnormal sperm percentages. To our knowledge, this study provides one of the first systematic comparisons of lycopene and gallic acid in protecting against 4-NP-induced testicular toxicity under identical experimental conditions. The findings suggest that both compounds preserve testicular structure and function through their antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.

This study aimed to investigate the dendritic cell (DC) composition of the colon in chickens, examining the expressions of CD83, CD45, and MHC II molecules alongside the histological development of the tissue. Thirty Ross 308 broiler chicks were utilized, with three chicks sampled on days 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, and 15 during the first two weeks. Crossmon's triple stain and Gordon and Sweet's silver impregnation technique were employed to determine the overall structure of the colon. CD45 and CD83 were assessed in frozen sections, while MHC II was examined in paraffin sections using the streptavidin-biotin complex method. The study observed that the histological organization of the colon wall persisted for two weeks. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, this research revealed the presence of a special group of dendritic cells in a particular area of the colon's muscle tissue from hatching. These CD83-positive DCs, expressing neither CD45 nor MHC II, were identified as specialized typed follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) located in the connective tissue of the muscle layer.

El síndrome metabólico es un trastorno común a nivel mundial en el que coexisten obesidad abdominal, presión arterial alta, dislipidemia y niveles altos de azúcar en sangre. En el estudio presentado, el objetivo fue evaluar los efectos del síndrome metabólico en la estructura histológica y las células enteroendocrinas del duodeno. Las ratas se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos: control y síndrome metabólico. Mientras que las ratas del grupo de control recibieron agua del grifo durante 16 semanas, las ratas del grupo con síndrome metabólico recibieron agua del grifo que contenía un 20% de D–fructosa. Se tomaron muestras de duodeno del intestino delgado al final del experimento. Se aplicó el método de tinción con hematoxilina y eosina a secciones de tejido para exámenes histomorfológicos. Además, se detectaron inmunohistoquímicamente células inmunorreactivas de somatostatina y gastrina en el duodeno. Se determinó que la altura de las vellosidades, el ancho de las vellosidades, el área de las vellosidades y el grosor de la túnica muscular en el duodeno aumentaron significativamente en el grupo con síndrome metabólico en comparación con el grupo de control. De manera similar, se observó que el número de células inmunorreactivas de somatostatina y gastrina en el duodeno aumentó significativamente en el grupo con síndrome metabólico en comparación con el grupo de control. Como resultado, se reveló que el síndrome metabólico causa trastornos estructurales en el duodeno y cambia la población de células enteroendocrinas. Por tanto, se puede pensar que las funciones intestinales pueden verse afectadas negativamente y la fisiología digestiva puede deteriorarse debido al síndrome metabólico.

This study aimed to investigate the histological and histochemical properties of mouse placenta samples from different periods of pregnancy. For this purpose, mouse placenta samples were collected on the fourth, tenth, and seventeenth days of pregnancy and blocked in paraffin. Serial sections of 5μ thickness were taken at 50μ intervals. Histological and histochemical staining methods were applied to the sections. As a result, histological and histochemical characteristics of mouse placenta from different periods of pregnancy were determined.

This study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of Vitamin E on testicular tissue and antioxidant levels in rats exposed to Bisphenol A. It was determined that the general histological appearances were similar in the control and sham groups, there was a decrease in tubule diameter in the BPA-treated group, but the seminiferous tubular epithelial layer increased. Epithelial shedding and subbasal vacuoles were detected in some tubules in the vitamin E group. Undifferentiated Embryonic Cell Transcription Factor 1 (UTF-1) positive tubule and cell counts were found to be quite high in the BPA group. The antioxidant parameter SOD value was found to be low in the BPA group and higher in the Vitamin E group. It was noted that the MDA value was higher in the BPA-applied group compared to the other groups. At the end of the study, it was determined that vitamin E applied against BPA exposure had positive effects on testicular histology and antioxidant levels in testicular tissue.

Chickens do not have lymph nodes. Gut‐associated lymphoid tissue is the major immunological organization for the digestive system. Cecal tonsils are an important part of this organization. This study is a descriptive and experimental study that was conducted to determine the histological development of the cecal tonsils and the distribution of Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4 and antigen‐presenting cells during the first 2 weeks of the chick's life. The tissue sections were stained using Crossmon's triple technique, Gordon and Sweet's silver impregnation, and streptavidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex methods. The classical tonsil framework with fossa and tonsillar units were observed in 4 days cecal tissue. The web of reticular fibres forming the stroma of the tissue had the impression that the lymphoid cells filling in time. The development of cecal tonsil was completed histologically on the day 10 and following day 14 samples. Regardless of the antigenic stimulation, TLR2, TLR4 and CD83, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are present in proximal cecal tissue. However, CD83‐positive dendritic cells in the germinal centre were first distinguished on day 7. Furthermore, the high antigen presentation capacity of the cecum with an intense MHC class II molecule expression was determined. Histological and immunohistochemical findings in this study revealed that both innate and adaptive cecal defence mechanisms were in the learning period during the first 2 weeks. The learning period of innate immunity may require more detailed research. However, the results obtained in this study will be taken into consideration in the vaccination programmes in chicks.

Tr en Amaç: Çalışmada bisfenol A (BPA)'ya maruz bırakılan sıçanların pankreasındaki değişikliklerin belirlenmesi ve bu değişiklikler üzerine koenzim Q10 (KoQ10)'un etkilerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlandı. Materyal ve metod: Sıçanlar kontrol, sham, KoQ10, BPA ve KoQ10+BPA olmak üzere rastgele beş gruba ayrıldı. KoQ10 ve BPA uygulamaları on dört gün boyunca devam etti. Histopatolojik ve histomorfolojik incelemeler için pankreas kesitlerine Crossmon’un üçlü boyama yöntemi uygulandı. Ayrıca pankreas dokusunda immünohistokimyasal olarak östrojen reseptör α (ERα) immünoreaktivitesi incelendi. Bulgular: Pankreasın endokrin bölümündeki histopatolojik değişiklikler ile pankreatik beta hücrelerindeki ERα immünoreaktivitesinin kontrol grubuna göre BPA grubunda anlamlı bir şekilde arttığı tespit edildi. Ancak histomorfolojik bulgular açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı. Diğer taraftan, çalışmada incelenen parametreler üzerinde KoQ10'un anlamlı bir etkisi gözlenmedi. Sonuç: BPA, pankreasta yapısal ve fonksiyonel bozukluklara neden olabilir. Ayrıca ERα immünoreaktivitesini de değiştirebilir. Bununla birlikte, KoQ10'un BPA'ya maruz kalan sıçanların pankreasındaki muhtemel koruyucu etkilerini ortaya çıkarmak için daha ileri çalışmalar gereklidir. Background: In the study, it was aimed to determine the changes in the pancreas of rats exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) and to reveal the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on these changes. Materials and Methods: The rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: control, sham, CoQ10, BPA and CoQ10+BPA. The applications of CoQ10 and BPA continued for fourteen days. Crossmon’s triple staining method was applied to the pancreas sections for histopathological and histomorphological examinations. Also, estrogen receptor α (ERα) immunoreactivity on the pancreas tissue was examined immunohistochemically. Results: It was determined that histopathological changes in the endocrine part of the pancreas and ERα immunoreactivity on the pancreatic beta cells significantly increased in BPA group compared to control group. But a significant difference wasn't found between the groups in terms of histomorphological findings. On the other hand, a significant effect of CoQ10 wasn’t observed on the parameters analyzed in the study. Conclusion: BPA might cause structural and functional disorders in the pancreas. Also, it might change ERα immunoreactivity, too. However, further studies are required to reveal the possible protective effects of CoQ10 in the pancreas of rats exposed to BPA.