Muhammad Nazam
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
Previous Organizations / Institutes
The organizations / institutes from the scholar's other articles in the past ten years
Research Subjects
Muhammad Nazam has a total of 81 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- Muhammad Arshad
International Islamic University, Islamabad
24 shared publications - Aftab Hussain
Department of Mathematics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
16 shared publications Muhammad Arshad
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, Pakistan
10 shared publications- Hassen Aydi
Université de Sousse Institut Supérieur d'Informatique et des Techniques de Communication H. Sousse 4000 Tunisia
9 shared publications - Hamed Alsulami
Department of Mathematics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
6 shared publications Aftab Hussain
Department of Mathematics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
5 shared publications
Latest Publications
- Open Access
- 1 October 2026
- Published by MDPI AG in Fractal and Fractional
- Vol. 10 (10) , 688
Bicontrolled Contractive Approach to the Existence of Solutions to the Fractional Aizawa Model
We introduce a novel class of -contractions on complete metric spaces by imposing appropriate conditions on the auxiliary functions F and B. A new fixed-point theorem has been established, guaranteeing both the existence and uniqueness of the fixed point. This result brings together and expands upon several traditional contributions in fixed-point theory. The practicality of this theoretical framework is demonstrated through illustrative examples, including the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the fractional-order Aizawa system formulated with the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative. Numerical simulations, supported by graphical analysis and Lyapunov exponents, are presented to characterize the system’s dynamical behavior and to validate the effectiveness of the proposed results.- 1 October 2026
- Published by MDPI AG in Fractal and Fractional
- Vol. 10 (10) , 688
Open AccessBicontrolled Contractive Approach to the Existence of Solutions to the Fractional Aizawa Model
We introduce a novel class of -contractions on complete metric spaces by imposing appropriate conditions on the auxiliary functions F and B. A new fixed-point theorem has been established, guaranteeing both the existence and uniqueness of the fixed point. This result brings together and expands upon several traditional contributions in fixed-point theory. The practicality of this theoretical framework is demonstrated through illustrative examples, including the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the fractional-order Aizawa system formulated with the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative. Numerical simulations, supported by graphical analysis and Lyapunov exponents, are presented to characterize the system’s dynamical behavior and to validate the effectiveness of the proposed results. - Open Access
- 26 May 2026
- Published by MDPI AG in Fractal and Fractional
- Vol. 10 (6) , 361
Applying Iterated Function Systems in Waste Recycling Processes by Identifying Fractal-like Patterns in Material Decomposition
This manuscript aims at the introduction of interpolative -contractions and their application to derive fixed-point results. As an application, one of the obtained results is used to analyze the fractional-order Aizawa model. Moreover, we introduce a Hutchinson–Barnsley operator defined in terms of interpolative -contractions and a related iterated function system to prove the existence of a unique fractal. The theoretical findings are supported with illustrative examples and graphical demonstrations. This manuscript also sheds light on a theoretical framework for analyzing material decomposition and recycling processes.- 26 May 2026
- Published by MDPI AG in Fractal and Fractional
- Vol. 10 (6) , 361
Open AccessApplying Iterated Function Systems in Waste Recycling Processes by Identifying Fractal-like Patterns in Material Decomposition
This manuscript aims at the introduction of interpolative -contractions and their application to derive fixed-point results. As an application, one of the obtained results is used to analyze the fractional-order Aizawa model. Moreover, we introduce a Hutchinson–Barnsley operator defined in terms of interpolative -contractions and a related iterated function system to prove the existence of a unique fractal. The theoretical findings are supported with illustrative examples and graphical demonstrations. This manuscript also sheds light on a theoretical framework for analyzing material decomposition and recycling processes. - Open Access
On Contraction Principles in Product Spaces and Applications in Iterated Function Systems
This paper develops an extension of the research work by Proinov to the product spaces (I is representing an indexing set). This paper also introduces a novel class of -contractions defined on a supremum metric . In supremum metric , several new fixed point theorems for -contractions have been established that generalize well-known ideas like the Banach, Geraghty, Boyd–Wong, and Wardowski principles. This paper also contributes a new iterated function system (IFS) built on the family of -contractions and demonstrates the existence and uniqueness of fractals (in other words, compact attractors) in a complete supremum metric . Theoretical work is illustrated with examples and graphs.Open AccessOn Contraction Principles in Product Spaces and Applications in Iterated Function Systems
This paper develops an extension of the research work by Proinov to the product spaces (I is representing an indexing set). This paper also introduces a novel class of -contractions defined on a supremum metric . In supremum metric , several new fixed point theorems for -contractions have been established that generalize well-known ideas like the Banach, Geraghty, Boyd–Wong, and Wardowski principles. This paper also contributes a new iterated function system (IFS) built on the family of -contractions and demonstrates the existence and uniqueness of fractals (in other words, compact attractors) in a complete supremum metric . Theoretical work is illustrated with examples and graphs. - Open Access
- 1 January 2026
- Published by Wiley in Journal of Mathematics
- Vol. 2026 (1) , 9969211
On Unified Fixed Point and Convergence Results for Generalized Enriched Contractions With Applications
In this paper, we introduce a new class of generalized contractions, called enriched (Ψ, φ )‐contractions. Within this framework, we establish several fixed‐point theorems together with corresponding convergence results, which extend and unify a range of existing results in the literature. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach, we provide illustrative examples and show that the obtained fixed‐point and convergence results ensure the existence of solutions for certain classes of integral equations. These findings broaden the theoretical scope of contraction mappings and highlight their usefulness in the analysis of integral equations.
- 1 January 2026
- Published by Wiley in Journal of Mathematics
- Vol. 2026 (1) , 9969211
Open AccessOn Unified Fixed Point and Convergence Results for Generalized Enriched Contractions With Applications
In this paper, we introduce a new class of generalized contractions, called enriched (Ψ, φ )‐contractions. Within this framework, we establish several fixed‐point theorems together with corresponding convergence results, which extend and unify a range of existing results in the literature. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach, we provide illustrative examples and show that the obtained fixed‐point and convergence results ensure the existence of solutions for certain classes of integral equations. These findings broaden the theoretical scope of contraction mappings and highlight their usefulness in the analysis of integral equations.
- 10 December 2025
- Published by SAGE Publications in Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology
- Vol. 50 (7) , 2101-2124
On k-Fuzzy Contraction Principles with Applications
This paper introduces the generalized fuzzy contraction in k-fuzzy metric spaces, a novel extension of the classical Meir-Keeler contraction principle. The main discovery is that several fixed point theorems, previously limited to classical or fuzzy metric spaces, remain valid under more general k-fuzzy conditions. This breakthrough broadens the applicability of fixed point theory to systems with multi-parameter uncertainty and non-uniform convergence, thereby offering a new mathematical tool for analyzing complex real-world problems in control theory, optimization, and data science.
- 10 December 2025
- Published by SAGE Publications in Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology
- Vol. 50 (7) , 2101-2124
On k-Fuzzy Contraction Principles with Applications
This paper introduces the generalized fuzzy contraction in k-fuzzy metric spaces, a novel extension of the classical Meir-Keeler contraction principle. The main discovery is that several fixed point theorems, previously limited to classical or fuzzy metric spaces, remain valid under more general k-fuzzy conditions. This breakthrough broadens the applicability of fixed point theory to systems with multi-parameter uncertainty and non-uniform convergence, thereby offering a new mathematical tool for analyzing complex real-world problems in control theory, optimization, and data science.
- Open Access
- 5 November 2025
- Published by New York Business Global LLC in European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
- Vol. 18 (4) , 6841
Applications and Theoretical Foundations of Best Proximity Points in Generalized Interpolative Proximal Contractions
This paper investigates optimal solutions for best proximity points through the framework of generalized interpolative proximal contractions. We introduce a new method that uses interpolation techniques to handle a wider class of mappings by expanding the concepts of classical proximal contraction. In the absence of a precise solution, best proximity point theorems investigate the existence of such best proximity points for approximate solutions to the fixed point problem. This article aims to develop the best proximity point theorems for contractive non-self mappings via interpolation to generate global optimal approximate solutions to particular fixed point equations. In addition to demonstrating the existence of the optimal proximity points, iterative techniques are also offered to locate such optimal approximative solutions. We illustrate the utility of our findings with a few instances. The value of our research is illustrated with a few examples and applications.
- 5 November 2025
- Published by New York Business Global LLC in European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
- Vol. 18 (4) , 6841
Open AccessApplications and Theoretical Foundations of Best Proximity Points in Generalized Interpolative Proximal Contractions
This paper investigates optimal solutions for best proximity points through the framework of generalized interpolative proximal contractions. We introduce a new method that uses interpolation techniques to handle a wider class of mappings by expanding the concepts of classical proximal contraction. In the absence of a precise solution, best proximity point theorems investigate the existence of such best proximity points for approximate solutions to the fixed point problem. This article aims to develop the best proximity point theorems for contractive non-self mappings via interpolation to generate global optimal approximate solutions to particular fixed point equations. In addition to demonstrating the existence of the optimal proximity points, iterative techniques are also offered to locate such optimal approximative solutions. We illustrate the utility of our findings with a few instances. The value of our research is illustrated with a few examples and applications.
- Open Access
- 5 November 2025
- Published by New York Business Global LLC in European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
- Vol. 18 (4) , 7033
The Ordered Implicit Relations: Fixed Point Problems and Applications
We introduce an ordered implicit relation and obtain related fixed point theorems in rectangular cone $b$-metric space, as an extension of the results on cone metric, rectangular cone metric and cone $b$-metric space. We provide some examples as an explanation of established outcomes. Our theorems universalize many fixed point outcomes in literature(\cite{23}, \cite{k6}). An homotopy result as an application of main theorem is given, which further applied to the human aging process. The obtained fixed point results do not follow from the results proved by Ercan \cite{er}, as the present article deals with nonlinear contractions. The convergence of the sequence generated by Urysohn integral operator is also shown by using fixed point technique.
- 5 November 2025
- Published by New York Business Global LLC in European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
- Vol. 18 (4) , 7033
Open AccessThe Ordered Implicit Relations: Fixed Point Problems and Applications
We introduce an ordered implicit relation and obtain related fixed point theorems in rectangular cone $b$-metric space, as an extension of the results on cone metric, rectangular cone metric and cone $b$-metric space. We provide some examples as an explanation of established outcomes. Our theorems universalize many fixed point outcomes in literature(\cite{23}, \cite{k6}). An homotopy result as an application of main theorem is given, which further applied to the human aging process. The obtained fixed point results do not follow from the results proved by Ercan \cite{er}, as the present article deals with nonlinear contractions. The convergence of the sequence generated by Urysohn integral operator is also shown by using fixed point technique.
- Open Access
- 5 November 2025
- Published by New York Business Global LLC in European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
- Vol. 18 (4) , 6106
Fixed Points of Mappings Contracting Perimeters of Polygons: A Geometric Generalization of Banach’s Principle
In this paper, we investigate fixed points of mappings that contract the perimeters of polygons. Our study is motivated by the idea that the perimeter, as a global geometric measure, provides a more natural and flexible framework than the individual edge lengths when analyzing contraction properties in metric spaces. We extend Petrov’s fixed point theorem from triangles topolygons with an arbitrary number of vertices and establish conditions under which such mappings admit unique fixed points. The methodology relies on generalizations of contraction mappings and properties of metric spaces. Our main contributions include a new perimeter-based contraction principle, a demonstration of its application in proving Banach’s contraction theorem, and examples that validate the theoretical results. This generalization enriches the existing literature on fixed point theory and opens avenues for further applications in geometric analysis and related areas.
- 5 November 2025
- Published by New York Business Global LLC in European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
- Vol. 18 (4) , 6106
Open AccessFixed Points of Mappings Contracting Perimeters of Polygons: A Geometric Generalization of Banach’s Principle
In this paper, we investigate fixed points of mappings that contract the perimeters of polygons. Our study is motivated by the idea that the perimeter, as a global geometric measure, provides a more natural and flexible framework than the individual edge lengths when analyzing contraction properties in metric spaces. We extend Petrov’s fixed point theorem from triangles topolygons with an arbitrary number of vertices and establish conditions under which such mappings admit unique fixed points. The methodology relies on generalizations of contraction mappings and properties of metric spaces. Our main contributions include a new perimeter-based contraction principle, a demonstration of its application in proving Banach’s contraction theorem, and examples that validate the theoretical results. This generalization enriches the existing literature on fixed point theory and opens avenues for further applications in geometric analysis and related areas.
- Open Access
- 1 January 2025
- Published by National Library of Serbia in Filomat
- Vol. 39 (8) , 2817-2830
On the best proximity point theorems for interpolative proximal contractions with applications
We introduce some new generalized proximal interpolative contraction principles that produce corresponding proximal interpolative contraction principles and proximal contraction principles as special cases. We prove various best proximity point theorems using introduced generalized proximal interpolative contraction principles. The obtained results improve and generalize many best proximity point theorems published earlier in the literature. Some examples and applications are given to demonstrate the usefulness of our results.
- 1 January 2025
- Published by National Library of Serbia in Filomat
- Vol. 39 (8) , 2817-2830
Open AccessOn the best proximity point theorems for interpolative proximal contractions with applications
We introduce some new generalized proximal interpolative contraction principles that produce corresponding proximal interpolative contraction principles and proximal contraction principles as special cases. We prove various best proximity point theorems using introduced generalized proximal interpolative contraction principles. The obtained results improve and generalize many best proximity point theorems published earlier in the literature. Some examples and applications are given to demonstrate the usefulness of our results.
- Open Access
- 1 January 2025
- Published by Wiley in Journal of Mathematics
- Vol. 2025 (1)
Exploring Fuzzy Fixed Points of γ ‐Fuzzy Contractions in b ‐Metric Spaces
This paper explores the significance and implications of common γ ‐fuzzy fixed point results related to γ ‐fuzzy contraction as a novel form of contraction in complete b ‐metric space. Theoretical developments and theorems provide a solid foundation for understanding utilization of the properties of γ ‐fuzzy contraction, showcasing its efficiency through numerous examples and establishing stability and convergence properties. Moreover, some conventional fixed point results are incorporated as the direct consequences of our main findings.
- 1 January 2025
- Published by Wiley in Journal of Mathematics
- Vol. 2025 (1)
Open AccessExploring Fuzzy Fixed Points of γ ‐Fuzzy Contractions in b ‐Metric Spaces
This paper explores the significance and implications of common γ ‐fuzzy fixed point results related to γ ‐fuzzy contraction as a novel form of contraction in complete b ‐metric space. Theoretical developments and theorems provide a solid foundation for understanding utilization of the properties of γ ‐fuzzy contraction, showcasing its efficiency through numerous examples and establishing stability and convergence properties. Moreover, some conventional fixed point results are incorporated as the direct consequences of our main findings.