David Melendi

Electronic Performance and Tracking Systems (EPTS) are widely used in professional sport; however, their high cost, proprietary data processing and limited access to raw information restrict their adoption in grassroots and semi-professional environments. This work addresses this gap through two major contributions. Firstly, it provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the current EPTS landscape, including GNSS-based devices, LPS/UWB systems, video-tracking platforms, LiDAR-based solutions, and lower-limb inertial sensors, offering one of the most complete comparative analyses currently available. Secondly, the study presents the design and experimental validation of a low-cost, open, and portable GNSS-based prototype aimed at democratizing access to player-tracking technology, particularly for organizations with limited economic resources such as grassroots clubs and amateur teams. Field tests were conducted using multiple devices under real-world conditions, comparing the proposed system against a high-precision reference. A data processing pipeline was introduced to improve positioning accuracy, including outlier removal and trajectory smoothing techniques. Savitzky–Golay filter provided the best performance in reducing positioning noise while preserving trajectory characteristics. Results show that raw GNSS measurements typically exhibit meter-level errors; however, after applying the proposed processing approach, the system achieves sub-meter accuracy. The average positioning error is reduced to 0.28 m, with RMSE values around 0.38 m. In addition, percentile analysis indicates that 95% of the positioning errors remain below 1m. These results demonstrate that low-cost GNSS-based solutions, when combined with appropriate signal processing techniques, can achieve performance close to commercial EPTS systems, enabling accessible, transparent, and reliable performance analysis in cost-constrained environments.

Caller‐ID spoofing remains a critical enabler of telephone fraud and social engineering attacks across both IP‐based and mobile telephony systems. While prior work has analysed signalling vulnerabilities and detection mechanisms, the combined influence of infrastructure-level trust models and human perception remains underexplored. This study presents a socio-technical analysis of caller‐ID spoofing by integrating an experimental evaluation of telephony infrastructures with a large-scale survey of user behaviour. We examine spoofing in three representative environments: VoIP systems, SIP trunk interconnections, and mobile broadband networks using SIM Box devices. Results show that spoofing feasibility depends primarily on implicit trust assumptions and validation policies rather than protocol weaknesses alone. Permissive identity validation in VoIP and SIP trunks allows manipulated caller identities to propagate across administrative domains, while SIM Box-based attacks exploit mobile broadband trust models using legitimate mobile identifiers. The user study (332 participants) reveals that decisions are heavily influenced by contextual cues such as institutional identifiers and number familiarity. Prior cybersecurity knowledge and perceived protection affect behaviour but do not fully prevent susceptibility in credible spoofing scenarios. These findings demonstrate that caller‐ID spoofing effectiveness arises from the interaction of infrastructure trust and human heuristics, highlighting the need for multi-layered mitigation strategies addressing signalling validation, trust relationships, and user awareness. Statistical results reveal a behavioural separation between call engagement and compliance, where contextual trust cues influence initial interaction, while knowledge and awareness primarily affect subsequent actions.

As autonomous driving technologies advance, the need for human-in-the-loop systems becomes increasingly critical to ensure safety, adaptability, and public confidence. This paper presents the design and evaluation of a context-aware immersive teleoperation interface that integrates real-time simulation, virtual reality, and multimodal feedback to support remote interventions in emergency scenarios. Built on a modular ROS2 architecture, the system allows seamless transition between simulated and physical platforms, enabling safe and reproducible testing. The experimental results show a high task success rate and user satisfaction, highlighting the importance of intuitive controls, gesture recognition accuracy, and low-latency feedback. Our findings contribute to the understanding of human-robot interaction (HRI) in immersive teleoperation contexts and provide insights into the role of multisensory feedback and control modalities in building trust and situational awareness for remote operators. Ultimately, this approach is intended to support the broader acceptability of autonomous driving technologies by enhancing human supervision, control, and confidence.

It is essential to monitor and follow up with athletes, both from the point of view of physical and emotional well-being. This allows optimizing the strategy to be followed to achieve full individual and collective development, thus resulting in an improvement in performance, which helps in the prevention of injuries, and better collective work. This is especially important in the early stages of an athlete's career. The present study is based on a follow-up survey consisting of 117 female football players ranging from 10 and 20 years old, making it one of the first studies amongst this age group. A low-cost electronic performance and tracking system was developed to gather data on the players. During the training sessions, objective data (position, distances, etc.) and subjective parameters were collected using forms based on the rate of perceived exertion. This article deals with the evolution of the player's performance from both a physical and mental point of view. An emotional evaluation, based on well-being forms, is carried out and its possible influence on training. Finally, analysis is conducted on the level of health risk. It was found that the performance of female footballers improves with age and in competition-like situations. It has also been concluded that sporting activity leads to healthy lifestyle habits, which translates into a lower risk to their health.

ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) are becoming increasingly popular in on-road vehicles due to their safety, productivity, and cost savings. In the same way, off-road vehicles can benefit from ADAS systems to improve the security of drivers and workers in industrial settings. In this work, we study, design, and develop a novel security system to be integrated into industrial vehicles. This system is built to provide one-way Human Computer Interaction, from the computer to the human, so providing, through the interaction with the ADAS system, feedback to drivers about their surroundings, such as nearby workers, and thus helping to avoid collisions and prevent incidents. The study evaluates the quality of different feedback mechanisms, with the goal of designing the ADAS that produces the best User eXperience (UX). These feedback mechanisms are generated by LEDs in different display formats and colors, as well as with haptic feedback. We created a hybrid testbed using a realistic ADAS and a forklift simulator, integrating the system into a physical structure that resembles an industrial vehicle (a forklift) and used a computer-based simulation of a warehouse to gather the information from users. We performed a study with 36 people for the evaluation of the different feedback mechanisms tested, evaluating the results both from an objective point of view based on the results of the simulation, and a subjective point of view through a questionnaire and the stress of the users in each test.

Although, in recent years, it has been common to monitor players in team sports using EPTSs (Electronic Performance and Tracking Systems) devices, most of the studies have focused on the optimization of individual performance rather than collective work or tactical analysis. Moreover, almost all these studies focus on men’s teams with little focus on women’s teams. In this work, data from women’s soccer teams at different levels (competition and grassroots) have been collected using both a low-cost personally developed EPTS and a commercial EPTS. With these systems, we have built a dataset consisting of more than 16 million records, paying special attention to spatio-temporal variables collected in the form of geographical coordinates. Different methods have been applied to the collected dataset to solve the problem of determining the position (individual role) of each player on the field based solely on spatio-temporal variables. The methods include algorithms based on clustering, centroid calculation, and computer vision. We have verified the effectiveness of these methods and propose an alternative method based on image recognition algorithms applied to heat maps generated from the position of the players monitored during the matches. As shown in this paper, the validity of the proposed method has been verified, exceeding the performance of existing methods and extending the range of application of these techniques.

The use of remote desktop applications has increased greatly in recent years, mainly because of the generalization of telecommuting due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This process has been carried out in a very controlled manner in some companies, but in other organizations it has been introduced in a more anarchic way. The direct use of on-premises company computers and resources from the internet without the necessary protection mechanisms, including VPNs, has increased the risk of data exfiltration. Apart from other types of data exfiltration, there are cases in which employees transfer files using encrypted communications, consciously or unconsciously, producing a leak of information undetected by data loss prevention systems. In this paper we analyse the question of whether a forensic investigation may answer questions about data exfiltrations; questions such as those regarding the when, what and who (or to whom) and the use of application logs and other available tools. The answers to these questions may form the basis of solid digital evidence for legal purposes, though they may only deliver a partial response to said questions. Other complementary sources are necessary to build a complete answer and accurate digital evidence. Nevertheless, we have identified and analysed several use cases that may help to raise an early alarm that can offer warning about certain behaviours in encrypted traffic that may be detected via network monitoring.