Takashi Hanada

In this study, we examined the corrosion resistance of Ru ₅₇ Mo _14.25 W _23.75 Fe ₅ , Ru ₅₄ Mo _13.5 W _22.5 Fe ₁₀ , and Ru ₄₈ Mo ₁₂ W ₂₀ Fe ₂₀ alloys in inorganic acids. The alloys were fabricated using the dewetting micro-pulling-down and plasma-melt stamping methods. Immersion tests in H ₂ SO ₄ at 300 °C for 24 h indicated that Ru-Mo-W-Fe alloys exhibit better corrosion resistance (10 mm y ⁻¹ ). Immersion tests at 25 °C in 5% HCl for 72 h and at 100 °C in 50% HF for 24 h also indicated that Ru-Mo-W-Fe alloys are highly corrosion resistant. Electrochemical tests in 1 M HCl and 1 M H ₂ SO ₄ revealed an increase in the anodic current and the formation of a low charge transfer resistance passive layer corresponding to alloying Fe. XPS analysis revealed that the primary corrosion product formed during polarization of Ru-Mo-W-Fe alloys in 1 M H ₂ SO ₄ was WO ₃ . Notably, WO ₃ is kept passivated on pure W during the corrosion in H ₂ SO ₄ ; however, it is not kept passivated when present on Ru-Mo-W-Fe alloys.

In this study, we developed and characterized novel scintillators with Ce: LiCaAlF₆–CaF₂–Li₃AlF₆ and Ce: CaF₂–LiF–Li₃AlF₆ ternary systems for thermal neutron detectors. The eutectics were grown by the vertical Stochbarger-Bridgman (VB) technique, and their constituent phases were identified using powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Radioluminescence spectra irradiated under an Ag-target X-ray tube and confirmed the 5d-4f and self-trapped exciton luminescence derived from Ce³⁺. Scintillation decay and pulse height measurements were performed using ²⁵²Cf and ⁶⁰Co sources. The Ce: CaF₂–LiF–Li₃AlF₆ sample exhibited approximately 5.6 times higher effective neutron sensitivity compared with a Ce: LiCaAlF₆ single crystal. A favorable decrease in the neutron discrimination threshold level (Q_th) due to reduced γ-ray emission was observed. ⁶Li-enriched Ce: CaF-based scintillators hold potential for nuclear decommissioning applications.

Pr ³⁺ - and Tb ³⁺ -doped (Lu,Y,Sc) ₂ O ₃ single crystals grown using the micro-pulling-down method show promising performance as optical thermometers, providing a wide operating temperature range and relatively high relative sensitivity.

Ce-doped Lu₂Si₂O₇ has a high density, high luminescence efficiency even at high temperatures, and a high effective atomic number, making it a promising candidate for use as a radiation detector in medical devices and resource exploration equipment. In this study, we grow and characterize Pr³⁺ and Ce³⁺-doped Lu₂Si₂O₇ single crystals by systematically varying the Ce³⁺ to Pr³⁺ ratio to further improve scintillation properties. The optical characterization results show a bidirectional energy transfer: from the Pr³⁺ 5d levels to the Ce³⁺ 5d levels and from the Ce³⁺ 5d levels to the Pr³⁺ 4f levels. Consistently with this result, the PL decay time of emission from the Pr³⁺ 5d–4f transition tends to become faster as the Ce³⁺/Pr³⁺ ratio increases, due to the energy transfer from the Pr³⁺ 5d levels to the Ce³⁺ 5d levels. Additionally, (Ce_0.0022 Pr_0.0016 Lu_0.9962)₂Si₂O₇ exhibits a high light yield comparable to Ce-doped Lu₂Si₂O₇ and a slightly faster decay time than Ce-doped Lu₂Si₂O₇.

The ³He gas is commonly used for the detection of thermal neutrons. However, with the depletion of ³He gas, there is a need to develop new solid scintillators for thermal neutron detection. Solid scintillators containing ⁶Li, which have large neutron capture cross-sections and a large amount of energy released by transmutation reactions, are commonly used as alternative candidates. However, only single-crystal scintillators are currently used, and their ⁶Li concentration is limited by their chemical composition. In this study, we designed, grew, and evaluated a new eutectic scintillator, Rb₂CeCl₅/LiCl, which can improve the ⁶Li concentration compared with single-crystal scintillators. Rb₂CeCl₅, which was selected as the scintillator phase, has excellent scintillator properties (light yield: 36,000 photons/MeV, decay time: mostly 24 ns, slightly 153 ns), and is less deliquescent than other halide scintillators. The crystal grown using the vertical Bridgman method exhibited a eutectic phase composed of Rb₂CeCl₅ and LiCl. The eutectic crystals exhibited Ce³⁺ 5d-4f emissions, with a peak between 360 and 370 nm. The Rb₂CeCl₅ phase was identified as the luminescent phase via cathodoluminescence mapping, and 16,000 photons/neutron of the light yield and 56.1 ns of the decay time were observed. This study indicates that the Rb₂CeCl₅/LiCl eutectic scintillator is a promising candidate for use in thermal neutron detectors.

In this study, a novel thermal neutron scintillator of Tl:CsI/LiBr was developed. The eutectics were fabricated at the various growth rate and investigated their scintillation properties. As a material design guideline, Tl:CsI, which has an excellent α/γ ratio, was selected as the scintillator phase to realize high light yield at the energy of α-rays and tritons generated by the nuclear transmutation reaction with ⁶ Li, and LiBr, which has a refractive index close to that of CsI, was selected as the neutron capture phase. Radioluminescence measurement under X-ray irradiation was also performed to obtain the emission spectrum of the eutectics. The light yield and decay time for thermal neutron were measured using ²⁵² Cf and were much higher than those of conventional scintillators for thermal neutron. Furthermore, fabricated eutectic can have the higher sensitivity to thermal neutron due to the high ⁶ Li concentration compared to conventional single crystal scintillators. Therefore, we have succeeded in developing a promising scintillator material.

In this study, Ce:6LiCl/LaCl3 with a high 6Li concentration was developed as a novel thermal neutron scintillator, in which Ce3+ serves as an activator for the LaCl3 phase. The Ce:6LiCl/LaCl3 eutectic was grown in a quartz ampoule (inner diameter: 4.0 mm) using the Bridgman–Stockbarger technique. The grown eutectic contained 0.038 mol/cm3 6Li, which is greater than that found in commercially available scintillators such as LiCaAlF6 single crystals and Li glass. The Ce:6LiCl/LaCl3 eutectic has a lamellar eutectic structure and is optically transparent. A 350 nm emission due to Ce3+ 4f-5d transition was observed. The light yield under neutron irradiation was estimated to be 5.0 times higher than that of Li-glass. In this eutectic, the 6Li (n, a) 3H reaction made the 6LiCl phase to act as the neutron capture phase and LaCl3 to act as the scintillator phase.