Bruno Watanabe Minto

Background:Severe chronic coxofemoral disease may substantially impair pelvic limb function in birds, and surgical options are limited when preservation of a functional articulation is unlikely. Femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHNO) is a salvage procedure that permits development of a functional pseudoarthrosis, although clinical reports in avian patients remain limited.Case description:An approximately 18-year-old, 4-kg, male Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) was evaluated for a 6-month history of persistent left pelvic limb lameness. Radiographic examination revealed marked alteration of the left femoral head, remodeling of the proximal femur, and severe disruption of the normal coxofemoral architecture. Because of the chronicity and severity of the lesion, left FHNO was performed using an orthopedic oscillating saw. Postoperative radiography documented resection of the femoral head and neck. Postoperative management included meloxicam, tramadol, and amoxicillin. Progressive improvement in weight-bearing and limb use was observed during clinical follow-up, with restoration of functional ambulation and resolution of the clinically apparent preoperative lameness.Conclusion:FHNO provided a satisfactory functional outcome in this geriatric Muscovy duck with longstanding severe coxofemoral disease. This case supports consideration of excision arthroplasty as a salvage option in selected avian patients when preservation or reconstruction of a functional coxofemoral articulation is unlikely.

Background: Haemorrhage from the ovarian pedicle is a known complication at removal of ovaries in dogs. A resorbable self-locking device designed for surgical ligation was previously developed, aimed to keep the advantage of a self-locking loop at ligation and avoid the chronic tissue reactions of non-resorbable materials. The primary aim of the study was to continue to evaluate the feasibility and clinical performance of the device for ligation of the canine mesovarium in a prospective multicentre controlled study. Secondary aims were to compare perioperative complications, ligation time, and duration of surgery between the device and a traditional double ligature technique. Results: In total, 72 intact female dogs destined for elective ovariohysterectomy were included in the study. The device was tested in 36 dogs across four centres, and 36 dogs were used as controls. Across all centres, body weights of device and control groups were 14.5 ± 1.0 kg and 14.9 ± 1.3 kg, respectively. The device group was 2.5 ± 0.3 years old and controls were 3.6 ± 0.4 years old. Estimating mean times from the linear mixed models gave ligation times for device and control groups of 4.4 ± 1.3 minutes and 4.5 ± 0.4 minutes, respectively. Duration of surgery for device and control groups were 21.3 ± 4.0 minutes and 16.7 ± 0.7 minutes, respectively. Both surgery and ligation times showed a significant centre-specific treatment effect. Two cases of intraoperative bleeding from the ovarian pedicles were observed in the control group. No postoperative complications were observed and all dogs recovered uneventfully. Conclusions: The device could be used for compression of tissue of the ovarian pedicle, provided haemostasis and adequate support of tissue throughout the healing period. Time for double ligation and duration of surgery did not differ between groups. Centres with previous experience of using the device recorded shorter ligation times and duration of surgery, which suggests a learning curve.

O deslocamento patelar configura-se como uma das afecções ortopédicas de maior ocorrência na rotina clínica. Mesmo que seja um tema extensamente explorado no âmbito científico, sua investigação permanece de notável relevância, considerando a sua prevalência em ascensão, assim como uma etiologia, epidemiologia e um fator hereditário ainda não totalmente elucidados; inclusive pelas possíveis anomalias ósseas que compõem a “síndrome da luxação de patela”. Uma avaliação precisa da luxação patelar e das alterações que a acompanham, juntamente com a seleção e a execução criteriosa dos métodos mais apropriados para cada situação, se mostra fundamental para o êxito na solução da problemática. A incidência de complicações após as cirurgias é, de fato, bastante comum. O surgimento de uma luxação patelar recorrente pode acometer uma parcela expressiva dos animais submetidos à intervenção, e a falha do material implantado ou a ineficiência das abordagens utilizadas frequentemente levam à necessidade de uma nova cirurgia corretiva. Procedimentos inéditos de abordagem cirúrgica e ajustes nos métodos convencionais já descritos foram sugeridos em tempos recentes, podendo representar o elemento crucial para se alcançar prognósticos e resultados superiores. Esta presente análise literária abrangeu pesquisas divulgadas no período de 2015 a 2025, constituindo-se de ensaios clínicos randomizados, revisões sistemáticas e estudos de caso-controle. Todos foram consultados em repositórios de dados como PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar e Scielo, por meio dos quais se busca aprofundar esta temática, conferindo um foco especial à fisiopatologia e à abordagem cirúrgica, tomando, por base, as novidades que vêm sendo investigadas e relatadas na literatura científica.

This study evaluated the biomechanical effect of a locking configuration on resistance to axial compressive loading in a novel angle-stable intramedullary interlocking nail (AS-ILN), using synthetic bone models designed to simulate complex diaphyseal fractures. Specimens were 3D-printed in polylactic acid and incorporated integrated end supports to facilitate secure gripping during mechanical testing. The ILN design included six internally threaded holes (three proximal and three distal). A custom template stand ensured consistent nail placement across all specimens. Twenty-eight samples were allocated into four groups (n = 7), differing only in locking configuration): G1 (holes 1 and 6), G2 (holes 1 and 2, and distal holes 5 and 6), G3 (proximal holes 2 and 3, and distal holes 4 and 5) and G4 (all six holes). Axial compression was applied at a rate of 5 mm/min using a universal testing machine. Data from four groups (G1- G4; n = 7 per group) were analyzed, with normality confirmed by the Shapiro-Wilk test (P = 0.070). Mean failure load was highest in G4 (9420.34N ± 4081.37N), followed by G3 (9180.20N ± 1751.38N), G2 (8101.31N ± 2372.58N), and G1 (5933.59N) ± 1300.79N). However, no statistically significant differences were detected (one-way ANOVA, P = 0.074). These findings indicated that, under axial compressive loading, construct resistance is not significantly affected by the number of bolts per fragment and their spatial distribution relative to the fracture gap. Future studies incorporating flexural and torsional loading conditions are warranted to further characterize the construct performance.

Purpose: To analyze the effects of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) on healing of clean surgical wounds in dogs. Methods: Thirty healthy, non-neutered dogs of different breeds underwent elective ovariohysterectomy or orchiectomy, and a 1-cm circular abdominal wound was created. Animals were divided into three groups (n = 10). Groups T1 and T2 received PHMB dressings changed once and twice daily. The control group (C) had wounds cleaned daily with saline and covered with gauze. Macroscopic evaluations were performed daily for 10 days, assessing edema, exudate, cosmetic appearance, and color. After 10 days, excisional biopsies were collected for histopathology evaluating vascular proliferation, inflammatory cells, fibroblastic proliferation, collagenization, necrosis, hyperplasia, and reepithelialization, and immunohistochemistry for reepithelialization and angiogenesis. Results: Macroscopic evaluations showed no significant differences among groups. Histopathology revealed greater collagenization in group C than in T2 (p < 0.05), while T1 did not differ from the others. Immunohistochemistry showed no differences in reepithelialization among groups. However, angiogenesis was higher in C and T2 than in T1 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: PHMB dressings neither demonstrate superior healing compared with gauze and saline cleaning nor impair healing and may represent an option for wound management in dogs.

This study aimed to describe an orthogonal angle-stable (ASO) intramedullary nail, evaluate its mechanical properties, and compare its performance with a conventional and an angle-stable nails. Synthetic diaphyseal models with a 25-mm gap fracture were 3D printed using polylactic acid. The ASO nail, fabricated from 316 L stainless steel, featured two orthogonal distal holes spaced 5.5-mm apart. Mechanical properties were evaluated through axial compression and torsion tests until failure. The stiffness and yield load under axial compression and peak torque under torsion were used to compare the ASO nail (ASO group) with a conventional interlocking (IC group) and a uniplanar angle-stable (ASU group) nails. Seven tests per group were performed and analysed using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's post hoc tests. The ASO and ASU nails exhibited similar stiffness under axial loading and demonstrated greater stiffness than the IC nails. No differences were observed among the groups regarding yield load or peak torque under torsion. The ASO nail exhibited biomechanical properties similar to the ASU nail and both demonstrated superiority over the IC. Further studies focusing on implant development and refinement of the implantation technique are necessary before clinical application can be considered.

Synovial cysts have been reported in various areas of the canine spine, however, to date, there are few studies on synovial cysts in other joints of the body. This report aims to describe a novel case of a synovial cyst adjacent to the hip joint in a dog with hip dysplasia. The animal was an intact male Border Collie, 8 months old, weighing 18 kg, presenting locomotor signs consistent with bilateral hip dysplasia. Blood examination was performed, showing normal results; radiographic examination confirmed the presence of hip dysplasia; followed by ultrasound examination, revealing a cystic structure adjacent to the right hip joint. Guided fluid collection confirmed it was a synovial cyst. Subsequently, the patient underwent physiotherapy combined with medications for pain control. In the follow-up of six months, the canine showing improvement in pain and gait related to the hip joint.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of intraoperative identification of the tibial intercondylar eminence (TIcE) in the sagittal plane in dogs. Study design: Ex vivo experimental study. Animals: A total of 20 stifles from 10 dogs (weight range: 20–30 kg; n = 20). Methods: Stifles were positioned for a mediolateral radiographic projection with a hypodermic needle placed at the center of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) (C), immediately cranial (Cr), and caudal (Cd) to the ligament. Variables were assessed at the stifle flexions of 90° and 135° with both intact cranial cruciate ligament (CCL‐In) and after mechanical transection (CCL‐MT). Three evaluators measured the distance ( d ) between the TIcE and needle center. Statistical analysis involved a linear mixed model, with the Bonferroni test ( p < .0125). Results: Analyses of CCL‐In and CCL‐MT groups revealed statistically significant differences between needle positions and stifle flexion angles. In the CCL‐In group, the C‐90° position was closest to the stifle center ( d = 0.45 ± 2.39). For the CCL‐MT group, the C‐135° position was nearest ( d = 0.11 ± 2.18). Conclusion: The center of the MCL in the sagittal plane, at 135° of stifle flexion, served as a reliable anatomical reference for identifying the TIcE in dogs with CCL disease. Clinical significance: A meticulous intraoperative identification of the TIcE can improve the accuracy of tibial osteotomies, potentially optimizing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy outcomes.

The objective was to evaluate the orthogonal locking in interlocking nails (ILN), with and without angular stability, compared to the parallel locking system, through mechanical tests of axial compression on synthetic specimens. Group 1 (G1) and 2 (G2) consisted of ILN with two proximal and distal holes, in a parallel (G1) or orthogonal (G2) arrangement, all threaded, promoting locking of the screws with the nail (stable angle). In groups 3 (G3) and 4 (G4) the locking system was formed by bolts inserted into the holes of the ILN, without threading (no stable angle), in a parallel (G3) or orthogonal (G4) arrangement. G2 obtained the highest absolute value of stiffness. G4 was the group that deformed the least. Furthermore, the smaller area of the moment of inertia provided by the locking system of G1 and G2 seemed to be compensated by the threaded locking, with such groups obtaining the highest averages of maximum force. Thus, the orthogonal locking system can represent an excellent alternative, especially when the fracture configuration limits its use, allowing the fixation of two screws even in the presence of limited bone stock. However, clinical studies are needed to evaluate the behavior of such implants in the biological environment.

The stabilization of long‐bone fractures using intramedullary nails offers significant biological advantages for bone healing. Nevertheless, the mechanical stability of the implant–bone interface remains suboptimal due to the absence of models capable of generating interfragmentary compression at the fracture site. To address these limitations, this study aims to describe and evaluate a novel dynamic compression angle‐stable interlocking intramedullary nail (DCASIN), designed for use in conjunction with a compression device (CD). Its performance was compared with conventional and angle‐stable interlocking intramedullary nails. Implantation was demonstrated using a tube‐based bone model with transverse fractures. Compression was achieved in the proximal aspect of the DCASIN through an oblong hole that allowed the insertion of a Steinmann pin, which was then subjected to the thrust of the CD’s primary screw (PS). To evaluate dynamic compression, a load cell connected to the Arduino/Genuíno Uno software was utilized. Three groups of interlocking nails were assessed: G1 (conventional), G2 (angle‐stable), and G3 (DCASIN), with measurements taken at four time points (M1: prelocking, M2: after the first screw or PS for the DCASIN, M3: after the second implant, and M4: one‐minute post‐M3). No statistically significant differences in compression forces were observed for G1 and G2 across the measured time points. In contrast, G3 exhibited significantly higher compression at M2 than at M3 and M4, and its compression forces at M2, M3, and M4 were significantly greater than those in G1 and G2. Finite element analysis revealed no significant deformation in G3 during compression. In conclusion, the DCASIN combined with the CD achieved and sustained superior compression forces compared to conventional and angle‐stable nails, thereby offering a promising alternative for the internal fixation of long bones.