Xiwen Lu

The increasing global burden of digestive diseases, coupled with the complexity of their pathogenesis, underscores the urgent need for in-depth research into precise organ-specific therapies. The Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (GMP–AMP) synthase–stimulator of interferon genes pathway, a crucial innate immune signaling axis, has garnered considerable attention for its roles in immune defense, inflammation regulation, tumorigenesis, and tissue homeostasis. In this review, we outline common digestive diseases linked to the Cyclic GMP–AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes pathway, elucidate its mechanistic contributions to these conditions, and provide a detailed analysis of how targeting this signaling axis may influence disease progression. We hope this review will offer a theoretical foundation for developing novel therapeutics and innovative treatment strategies for digestive diseases, thereby contributing to improved clinical outcomes.

Nano-manipulation technology, as a kind of “bottom-up” tool, has exhibited an excellent capacity in the field of measurement and fabrication on the nanoscale. Although variety manipulation methods based on probes and microscopes were proposed and widely used due to locating and imaging with high resolution, the development of non-contacted schemes for these methods is still indispensable to operate small objects without damage. However, optical manipulation, especially near-field trapping, is a perfect candidate for establishing brilliant manipulation systems. This paper reports about simulations on the electric and force fields at the tips of metallic probes irradiated by polarized laser outputted coming from a scanning near-field optical microscope probe. Distributions of electric and force field at the tip of a probe have proven that the polarized laser can induce nanoscale evanescent fields with high intensity, which arouse effective force to move nanoparticles. Moreover, schemes with dual probes are also presented and discussed in this paper. Simulation results indicate that different combinations of metallic probes and polarized lasers will provide diverse near-field and corresponding optical force. With the suitable direction of probes and polarization direction, the dual probe exhibits higher trapping force and wider effective wavelength range than a single probe. So, these results give more novel and promising selections for realizing optical manipulation in experiments, so that distinguished multi-functional manipulation systems can be developed.

Graphene is widely used as the basic materials of nano optical devices and sensors on account of its special structures and excellent photoelectric properties. Graphene is considered as an ideal material for photodetectors because of its ultra-wide absorption spectrum from the ultraviolet to the terahertz band, ultrahigh carrier mobility and ultrafast photoreaction speed. In this study, a photothermal nano-device was made using graphene that was transferred to an electrode using an all-dry viscoelastic stamping method. The nano-device has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency and instant measurement. This nano-device was used to measure the light absorption of graphene, and the calculated light absorption rate of graphene is basically consistent with previous research results. Experiments on irradiation at different wavelengths and thermal heating at different temperatures show that the nano-device has an excellent response to near-infrared and mid-infrared light. The conclusions provide an experimental basis for the research, design and fabrication of nano-devices, and this device can provide an effective method for detecting light and temperature in areas such as electronic components and solar cells.

The near-field enhancement underneath the AFM tip irradiated by a laser beam is widely utilized in various nanofabrication techniques, such as nano-welding, nano-manipulation, nano-etching and so on. In this paper, a numerical model of near-field enhancement on AFM tip irradiated by annular laser beam is established using COMSOL Multiphysics. The results show that when the AFM tip is irradiated by annular laser beam, strong near-field enhancement is induced at the apex of the tip. The field distribution curve with the substrate presents a saddle shape, which demonstrates that the annular beam irradiated the AFM tip produce an extremely high near-field enhancement between the particle and the tip. In addition, the results indicate that when the AFM tip is irradiated by the annular laser with higher frequency, the near-field enhancement underneath the apex of the tip increases correspondingly. Moreover, when the irradiation angle is 60Deg and the irradiation distance is 65nm, the near-field enhancement reaches the peak. Based on the numerical simulation of the near-field enhancement, the system of the AFM tip irradiated by annular laser beam can be anticipated for further application in the field of nanofabrication.