Alexandre Coutinho Antonelli

Residency programs play a crucial role in the development and technical training of young health professionals. However, mental health issues such as psychological distress, anxiety, and depression are prevalent, often influenced by work satisfaction and the learning environment. Despite their relevance, studies investigating the prevalence and associated factors of these conditions across medical, multidisciplinary, and veterinary residency programs remain scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression, and to examine their association with social skills among residents in Brazilian health science programs. We conducted a voluntary online survey with residents from three major residency programs (medical, multidisciplinary, and veterinary) across different Brazilian institutions. The cross-sectional study sample consisted of a total of 51 participants. Mental health outcomes were assessed using validated instruments: the Resident Questionnaire (RQ) for emotional distress, General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) for anxiety, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression. The Multidimensional Scale of Social Expression (MSSE-M) measured social skills. Multivariable mixed-effects linear regression models addressed each mental health outcome separately, with social skill scores as primary explanatory variables. The results revealed a high prevalence of emotional distress (86.3%), anxiety (58.8%), and depression (56.9%) among residents. Greater satisfaction with the learning environment was significantly associated with lower mental health symptom levels. Residents demonstrated a generally satisfactory overall repertoire of social skills (60.78%), with the “Start and keeping conversations” and “Express positive affect” subscales scoring highest across all programs. For emotional distress, the “ability to defend rights” subscale was significantly associated with its reduction (−0.58), while a broader overall social skill repertoire was significantly associated with reductions in anxiety (−3.14) and depression (−3.92). These findings highlight the significant burden of mental health challenges among residents and emphasize the role of a supportive environment. Social skills training may help mitigate psychological distress and support resident well-being.

Objetivou-se compreender a percepção dos profissionais da primeira infância aspectos relacionados a Teoria do Elo, através de uma pesquisa qualiquantitativa utilizando questionário estruturado. Os entrevistados compreendem que uma criança que é cruel com um animal pode vir a ser violento com um ser humano quando adulto, mas que isso pode ser controlado, caso haja intervenção precoce. A maioria acredita que o respeito aos animais deve ser abordado antes dos 7 anos, e que o contato saudável com animais poderia desenvolver, principalmente, mais responsabilidade, compaixão e empatia na criança. A maioria acredita que é importante abordar o tema da Teoria do Elo na escola e está disposto a participar de capacitação para tal, todavia metade dos entrevistados do sexo masculino não tem interesse em participar de capacitação, o que está na contramão da demanda mundial de preocupação com melhoria do acesso à informação sobre animais e sociedade.

Veterinarians are commonly exposed to occupational stressors, including excessive workload and financial constraints. These stressors can lead to psychological distress, which typically results in mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and burnout and can even culminate in suicide attempts or suicide deaths. Risk factors associated with poor mental health and high rates of suicide in veterinary practitioners include continuous exposure to challenging scenarios, such as interpersonal conflicts, performing euthanasia, and easy access to lethal means of suicide, such as opioids and anesthetics. The previous studies highlight the urgent need for a better understanding of predisposing factors, mental health-related improvements in the professional environment, and the subsequent establishment of primary mental health-related care policies. Effective ways to promote mental health and prevent suicide may include social support, resilience, developing coping skills, promoting a healthy work environment, and discouraging perfectionist behaviors. This review aimed to summarize findings in studies that have investigated mental health and suicide in veterinarians and veterinary students and highlight measures that could be implemented as options for mental health promotion and suicide prevention. Keywords: burnout, depression, mental health, occupational stress, veterinarians.

Internacional de Saúde Única (Interface Mundial) (978-85-5722-461-2) - Medicina Veterinária Do Coletivo Na Educação Infantil Uma Alternativa De Transformação Social: Revisão De Literatura

The effects of feeding, fasting, and re-feeding on the metabolic profile of growing cattle were studied. Blood and urine samples were obtained from 12 crossbred steers weighing approximately 300 kg during the following periods: 11 h of normal feeding (postprandial period), 48 consecutive hours of fasting, followed by 48 h of re-feeding. Compared with the postprandial period, fasting caused the following modifications: moderate hypoglycemia accompanied by remarkable lipolysis detected by the increase in plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFAs); absence of hepatic lipidosis, as there were no changes in aspartate aminotransferase activity or serum cholesterol levels; mild ketogenesis, confirmed by the slight increase of β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB); increased amino acid burn for energy production, verified by the increase in serum urea contents. There were strong positive correlations between the plasma levels of FFAs and βHB (r = 0.68; p < 0.001), fasting duration and FFA concentration (r = 0.92; p < 0.00001), and fasting duration and serum urea (r = 0.52; p < 0.001); there was a negative correlation between fasting duration and blood glucose (r = −0.52; p < 0.0001). During this same period, mild hypovolemia characterized by an increase in intravascular volume deficit was observed. The metabolic condition observed during fasting was completely reversed during re-feeding, except for the temporarily higher proteolysis.

The ongoing environmental crisis poses an urgent need to forecast the who , where , and when of future species extinctions, as such information is crucial for targeting conservation efforts. Commonly, such forecasts are made based on conservation status assessments produced by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, when researchers apply these IUCN conservation status data for predicting future extinctions, important information is often omitted, which can impact the accuracy of these predictions. Here we present a new approach and a software for simulating future extinctions based on IUCN conservation status information, which incorporates generation length information of individual species when modeling extinction risks. Additionally, we explicitly model future changes in conservation status for each species, based on status transition rates that we estimate from the IUCN assessment history of the last decades. Finally, we apply a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to estimate extinction rates for each species, based on the simulated future extinctions. These estimates inherently incorporate the chances of conservation status changes and the generation length for each given species and are specific to the simulated time frame. We demonstrate the utility of our approach by estimating extinction rates for all bird species. Our average extinction risk estimate for the next 100 years across all birds is 6.98 × 10 ⁻⁴ extinctions per species-year, and we predict an expected biodiversity loss of between 669 to 738 bird species within that time frame. Further, the rate estimates between species sharing the same IUCN status show larger variation than the rates estimated with alternative approaches, which reflects expected differences in extinction risk among taxa of the same conservation status. Our method demonstrates the utility of applying species-specific information to the estimation of extinction rates, rather than assuming equal extinction risks for species assigned to the same conservation status.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho analisar a resistência de placas ósseas de acrílico, confeccionadas com cortadora a laser CO2, quando submetidas às forças que agem sobre o foco de fratura. Foram utilizados 40 fêmures de ovinos (Ovis aries) e confeccionadas 40 placas de acrílico, os quais foram avaliados em grupos: grupo OP - foram avaliados 20 ossos fraturados reduzidos com 20 placas de acrílico; grupo PS - foram avaliadas 20 placas de acrílico; e grupo OS - foram avaliados 20 ossos íntegros e frescos. Todos foram submetidos a ensaios mecânicos de compressão, flexão, torção e tração, em máquina de ensaios universal EMIC® 10000. Os testes eram interrompidos quando havia fratura do corpo de prova. O grupo PS suportou carga de compressão significativamente superior aos demais grupos OP e OS (13.255±290N, 4.932±827N e 8.681±303N, respectivamente). Já em relação à prova de flexão, o grupo OS foi significativamente mais resistente, com média de 2.698±305N, em relação aos grupos OP e PS, que obtiveram 1.315±92N e 1.537±37N, respectivamente. Conclui-se que as placas de acrílico usinadas a laser apresentam resistência mecânica inferior ao fêmur de ovinos, entretanto, devido à resistência exibida nos testes, demonstraram potencial para serem implantadas em ossos com menor demanda de carga.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether zinc (Zn) supplementation protects against hepatic copper (Cu) accumulation in copper-loaded sheep. Forty cross-bred lambs were assigned to five experimental groups. These included the control group (C) and four treatment groups that received Cu and/or Zn supplementation (dry matter (DM) basis) over 14 weeks, as follows: Cu (450 mg Cu/kg); Zn-35 (450 mg Cu + 35 mg Zn/kg); Zn-150 (450 mg Cu + 150 mg Zn/kg); and Zn-300 (450 mg Cu + 300 mg Zn/kg). Blood, liver, and bile samples were obtained for mineral determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES). The hepatic metallothionein (MT) concentrations were also determined. At the end of the experiment, hepatic Cu concentrations were higher in all Cu-supplemented groups than in C. Hepatic Cu accumulation was lower in the groups receiving the Zn supplementation than in the Cu group, although the difference was only statistically significant (66%) in the Zn-300 group. The MT concentrations tended to be higher (almost two-fold) in the Zn groups (but were not dose related) than in the C and Cu groups, and they were related to hepatic Zn concentrations. Zn supplementation at 300 mg/kg DM is useful for preventing excessive hepatic Cu accumulation in sheep exposed to high dietary concentrations of Cu.

The estimation of origination and extinction rates and their temporal variation is central to understanding diversity patterns and the evolutionary history of clades. The fossil record provides the most direct evidence of extinction and biodiversity changes through time and has long been used to infer the dynamics of diversity changes in deep time. The software PyRate implements a Bayesian framework to analyze fossil occurrence data to estimate the rates of preservation, origination and extinction while incorporating several sources of uncertainty. This fully probabilistic approach allows us to explicitly assess the statistical support of alternative macroevolutionary hypotheses and to infer credible intervals around parameter estimates. Here, we present a major update of the software, which implements substantial methodological advancements, including more complex and realistic models of preservation, a reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to estimate origination and extinction rates and their temporal variation, and a substantial boost in performance. We demonstrate the new functionalities through extensive simulations and with the analysis of a large dataset of Cenozoic marine mammals. We identify several significant shifts in origination and extinction rates of marine mammals, underlying a late Miocene diversity peak and a subsequent 50% diversity decline towards the present. Our analyses indicate that explicit statistical model testing, which is often neglected in fossil-based macroevolutionary analyses, is crucial to obtain accurate and robust results. PyRate provides a flexible, statistically sound analytical framework, which we think can serve as a useful toolkit for many future studies in paleobiology.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance, milk composition, blood and urinary biochemical parameters and milk fatty acid profile of Saanen goats fed pornunça silage‐based diets containing different levels of tannin (11, 28, 36 and 44 g/kg dry matter). Intake of feed, milk production, milk composition and biochemical parameters were affected (P < 0.05). The content of 10:0, 12:0 and 14:0 fatty acids decreased, while those of 18:0, cis‐9 18:1, trans‐11 18:1, cis‐9, trans‐11 18:2 and cis‐9, cis‐12, cis‐15 18:3 increased as more tannin was added (P < 0.05). The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids increased, while the thrombogenicity and atherogenicity indices decreased as tannin was increased (P < 0.05). The inclusion of up to 28 g/kg of tannin was the most appropriate level to improve the fatty acid profiles of goats’ milk and prevent further falls in dry matter intake and milk production.