Yusuf Kalender

İmidakloprid (IMI) tarımsal mücadelede dünyada en sık kullanılan neonikotinoid insektisitlerden biridir. Aşırı kullanımının sonucu olarak ciddi bir halk sağlığı problemleri ve çevre sorunları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Resveratrol (RES) ve berberin (BBR) antioksidan, antiinflamatuvar ve antikanser gibi özellikleri olan doğal bileşiklerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı sıçanlarda IMI’nın kan ve dalak dokusu üzerine neden olduğu oksidatif hasara karşı RES ve BBR’nin koruyucu etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada sıçanlar her grupta 6 hayvan olacak şekilde 7 gruba ayrılmıştır. 1. grup: kontrol, 2. grup: RES (20 mg/kg v.a.), 3. grup: BBR (100 mg/kg v.a.), 4. grup: IMI (9 mg/kg v.a.), 5. grup: IMI+RES, 6. grup: IMI+BBR, 7. grup: IMI+RES+BBR. Uygulama maddeleri sıçanlara 28 gün boyunca oral gavaj yolu ile verilmiştir. IMI grubundaki sıçanların kan ve dalak dokularındaki MDA düzeylerinde kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı bir artış (p

Cadmium and lead, considered common environmental pollutants, are toxic heavy metals that adversely affect human health. Sesamol, found in sesame oil, is a phenolic compound with powerful antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective potential of sesamol against toxicity induced by cadmium and/or lead in the lung tissue of rats. For this purpose, Lead nitrate (LN), cadmium chloride (CdCl2), LN plus CdCl2, sesamol, LN plus sesamol, CdCl2 plus sesamol, and LN plus CdCl2 plus sesamol were administered to male rats by gavage for 28 days. At the end of the experiments, malondialdehyde levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx and GST) in the lung tissue and pathological changes in the lung tissue were examined. LN and/or CdCl2 treatments caused a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities and an increase in malondialdehyde levels in lung tissue. In addition, heavy metal applications in the lung tissue of rats caused histopathological changes such as thickening of the interalveolar septum, alveolar dilatation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and degeneration of the bronchial epithelium. The application of sesamol, in addition to heavy metal applications, led to a significant increase in antioxidant enzyme activities, a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels, and an alleviation of pathological changes in lung tissue.

Paladyum son yıllarda endüstride kullanımı ciddi anlamda artan ve bunun sonucu olarak da halk sağlığı problemlerini meydana getiren bir ağır metaldir. Kuersetin antioksidan, anti-inflamatuar ve anti-kanser gibi özellikleri ile öne çıkan flavanol bir bileşiktir. Bu çalışmada paladyum klorürün (PdCl2) sıçanların kan ve dalak dokusunda yarattığı oksidatif hasara karşı kuersetinin (Que) korucu rolü araştırılmıştır. Her grupta 6 hayvan olacak şekilde 4 grup oluşturulmuştur. Kontrol grubu, Que grubu (30 mg/kg v.a.), PdCl2 grubu (8 mg/kg v.a.) ve Que+PdCl2 grubu. 28 gün boyunca uygulama maddeleri sıçanlara oral gavaj yoluyla verilmiştir. Deney sonunda PdCl2 uygulanan sıçanların kan ve dalak dokularındaki MDA miktarında kontrol grubundaki sıçanların MDA miktarına göre anlamlı bir artış meydana gelmiştir (p

Abamectin is a widely used pesticide due to its strong anthelmintic and insecticidal activity and has toxic effects on nontarget organisms. In this study, melatonin (10 mg/kg body weight), which has potent anti‐inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant effects against subacute hepato‐renal toxicity of abamectin (0.5 mg/kg body weight) in rats, was evaluated for its potential to alleviate organ damage by biochemical, oxidative stress, immunohistochemical, histopathological, and cytopathological studies. In hepato‐renal tissues of abamectin‐treated rats, MDA and 8‐OHdG levels, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index significantly increased. In contrast, endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities and total antioxidant status decreased significantly. A significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity, TNF‐α and caspase‐3 immunopositive cells, and interleukin‐17 levels were also detected in the tissues. Abamectin caused a substantial reduction in red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet counts and significantly increased white blood cell count. In addition, abamectin increased the activities of ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH, and the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, uric acid, urea, and BUN, which are evaluated as biomarkers of blood hepato‐renal tissues. At the same time, it caused a decrease in the levels of total protein and albumin. In addition, these changing biochemical parameters are accompanied by cytopathological and histopathological changes in hepato‐renal tissues. However, exogenous melatonin supplementation reduced the oxidative stress caused by abamectin in rats and caused the pathological changes in hepato‐renal tissues to be observed more mildly. It also reversed the changes in blood parameters and hepato‐renal markers. In conclusion, this study suggests that exogenous melatonin supplementation may help significantly ameliorate abamectin‐induced hepato‐renal injury in rats through anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic mechanisms.

Imidacloprid is one of the insecticides in the neonicotinoid group. Resveratrol and berberine are powerful antioxidants known to alleviate the adverse effects of toxicity caused by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential toxic effects of imidacloprid in the small intestinal tissues of rats and the protective effects of berberine and resveratrol against these effects. In the study, rats were divided into 7 groups. The groups were as follows: control group, resveratrol (20 mg/kg), berberine (100 mg/kg), imidacloprid (9 mg/kg.), imidacloprid plus resveratrol, imidacloprid plus berberine, imidacloprid plus resveratrol plus berberine. Test compounds were administered to rats by gavage for 28 days. At the end of the experimental period, antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GST, and GPx) and MDA levels were evaluated in small intestinal tissues obtained from rats. At the end of the 28-day treatment period, it was determined that MDA level increased and antioxidant enzyme activities decreased in the intestinal tissue of rats treated with imidacloprid. However, when imidacloprid plus resveratrol plus berberberine treated group, imidacloprid plus resveratrol treated group and imidacloprid plus berberine treated group were compared with imidocloprid group, a significant decrease in MDA level and a significant increase in antioxidant enzyme activities were observed. Histological findings support the protective properties of resveratrol and berberine. The results of this study showed that berberine and resveratrol, which were administered to prevent damage caused by imidacloprid in the small intestine tissue of rats, showed a positive effect and improved the studied parameters.

Organofosfatlı bir insektisit olan fenamifos, tarım alanlarında sıklıkla kullanılmakta, çevre ve halk sağlığı açısından çeşitli sorunlar meydana getirmektedir. Naringenin, antikanser, antiinflamatuvar, antioksidan ve antiproliferatif aktivitelere sahip bir flavonondur. Bu çalışmanın amacı sıçanların kan ve dalak dokusunda fenamifos kaynaklı oksidatif stres üzerine naringeninin koruyucu rolünü araştırmaktır. Bu çalışmada sıçanlar her grupta 6 adet olacak şekilde 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. 1. grup: kontrol grubu, 2. grup: fenamifos (0.76 mg/kg v.a.) muameleli grup, 3. grup: naringenin (50 mg/kg v.a.) muameleli grup 4. grup: fenamifos (0.76 mg/kg v.a.) ve naringenin (50 mg/kg v.a.) muameleli grup. Maddeler deney hayvanlarına 28 gün boyunca gavaj yolu ile verilmiştir. Fenamifos muameleli grup, kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında MDA, IL-17 ve 8-OHdG düzeylerinde kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış gözlenirken (p<0.05), SOD, CAT, GPx ve GST enzim aktivitelerinde ise istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir azalma gözlenmiştir (p<0.05). Naringenin muameleli grup, fenamifos muameleli grup ile karşılaştırıldığında, parametrelerde anlamlı bir iyileşme gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada fenamifosun sıçanların kan ve dalak dokusunda oluşturduğu toksisiteye karşı, antioksidan özellikleri güçlü naringenin uygulamasının oksidatif hasarı önemli ölçüde azalttığı gözlenmiştir.

The unique properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles distinguish it from classical nickel compounds, increasing its use in agriculture, industry, and many industrial areas. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible toxicity of nickel oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles in the liver. For this purpose, Wistar rats were given nickel oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles orally, intraperitoneally, and intravenously for 21 days. Liver organ weight, biochemical and hematological parameters, oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S transferase), acetylcholinesterase activities, inflammation levels, apoptotic markers, and histopathological changes were evaluated comparatively. When the data obtained were examined in general, it was observed that nickel oxide nanoparticles caused more hepatotoxicity in liver tissue than nickel oxide in terms of oxidative stress parameters, apoptotic markers, inflammation indicators, and other parameters examined. The results suggest that toxicity induced by both nickel oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles plays an important role in hepatocyte apoptosis.

Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that is widely used in agricultural, veterinary, and public health fields for controlling a wide variety of insect species and it is an environmentally potent toxic substance. Curcumin and quercetin, which are well-known natural antioxidants, are widely used to prevent the harmful effects of free radicals on biological systems. The present study aimed to determine the potential ameliorative effects of quercetin and/or curcumin on fipronil-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Curcumin (100 mg/kg of body weight), quercetin (50 mg/kg of body weight), and fipronil (3.88 mg/kg of body weight) were administered to male rats by intragastric gavage for 28 consecutive days. In the present study, body weight, kidney weight, the renal function markers (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid levels) in the blood, antioxidant enzyme activities, and malondialdehyde level as markers of oxidative stress, and histological changes of the renal tissue were evaluated. The levels of serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid were significantly increased in fipronil-treated animals. Additionally, while superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were decreased in the kidney tissue of rats treated with fipronil, malondialdehyde level was significantly increased. Histopathological analyses showed that the glomerular and tubular injury occurred in the renal tissue of fipronil-treated animals. Also, the supplementation of quercetin and/or curcumin with fipronil significantly improved fipronil-induced alterations in renal function markers, antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde levels, and histological features of renal tissue.

Bu çalışmada karbamatlı bir pestisit olan bendiocarb’ın (BND) ratların testis dokusunda oluşturabileceği histopatolojik değişiklikler, antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri ve malondialdehit (MDA) miktarındaki değişimler üzerine Vit. C ve E’nin koruyucu etkisi araştırılmıştır. Ratlar sekiz gruba ayrılmıştır; 1. grup: kontrol grubu, 2. grup: Vit. C (100 mg kg-1 gün-1 ), 3. grup: Vit. E (100 mg kg-1 gün-1 ), 4. grup: Vit. C+ E, 5. grup: BND (0.8 mg kg-1 gün-1 ), 6. grup: BND+Vit. C, 7. grup: BND +Vit. E ve 8. grup: BND +Vit. C+Vit. E muameleli grup. 28 gün boyunca yapılan uygulamadan sonra BND muameleli grup kontrol grup ile karşılaştırıldığında ratların testis dokularında MDA miktarında artış gözlenirken, antioksidan enzim aktivitelerinde [süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT), glutatyon-S-transferaz (GST), glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx)] istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir azalma gözlenmiştir. BND +Vit. C, BND +Vit. E ve BND +Vit. C+E muameleli gruplar BND muameleli grupla karşılaştırıldığında ratların testis dokularında MDA miktarında azalma gözlenirken, SOD, CAT, GST ve GPx enzim aktivitelerinde istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış gözlenmiştir. Histopatolojik incemelerde ise ratların testis dokusunda BND’ın sebep olduğu patolojik değişiklikleri vitamin C ve E’nin azalttığı tespit edilmiştir.

We investigated the ameliorative effect of the curcumin against methomyl-induced potential nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino male rats. In the present study, curcumin (100 mg kg⁻¹ bw), methomyl (0,8 mg kg⁻¹ bw) and methomyl plus curcumin were given to rats by oral for 28 days (for subacute examination). Concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and creatinine in serum and malondialdehyde level and activities of antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S transferase) and histopathological alterations in kidney tissues were studied. Methomyl caused an increment in the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid and MDA levels. In addition, methomyl caused a diminution in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S transferase. Tubular and glomerular degenerations occurred in the kidney tissues of methomyl-received rats. However, coadministration of curcumin with methomyl significantly minimized the adverse effects of methomyl on kidney function parameters, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities and histological structure of kidney tissue. The results showed that curcumin significantly mitigated methomyl-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.