Nilberto Robson Falcão Nascimento

Objective: Earlier work suggests Myoinositol (MI) and D‐chiro‐ inositol (DCI) imbalance in urine and plasma of diabetic patients, and their potential for monitoring insulin resistance. This study aimed to assess levels of Myoinositol (MI) and D‐chiro‐ inositol (DCI) in saliva of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM‐1) and controls, to verify if concentrations of MI and DCI are similarly altered in saliva, exploring their potential for monitoring DM‐1.Design, Patients and Measurements: This cross‐sectional clinical study enroled 45 patients (DM‐1, n = 25; Controls, n = 20). Children aged 3–12 years with fasting blood glucose levels > 126 mg/dL, and HbA1c levels > 7%. Saliva was collected, and salivary measurements included pH, flow rates and concentrations of MI, DCI and glucose, employing high‐performance liquid chromatography. Periodontal health was assessed using bleeding and plaque indices.Results: Children with DM‐1 showed elevated MI (p = 0.001), reduced DCI (p = 0.001), and increased MI‐DCI ratio (p = 0.001). The MI‐DCI ratio was elevated by 16‐fold among diabetic children. Plaque (p = 0.003) and gingival bleeding (p = 0.001) were higher in DM‐1 than controls. The MI increased the odds of an outcome of DM‐1 by 174%, while DCI reduced the odds by 63%, highlighting their strong and opposing effects on DM‐1.Conclusions: Children with DM‐1 express higher MI and lower DCI levels, while non‐diabetic children show an inversion of these concentrations. Inositol imbalance in saliva of diabetic children resembles previous results in urine, and represents a possible venue for monitoring this disease, paving the way for future investigations into salivary inositols.

Taro leaf (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) is an unconventional edible plant cultivated for both food and medicinal purposes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant effects of taioba leaf in diet-induced dyslipidemic mice. Swiss mice were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet for 90 days, and after 30 days of treatment (gavage) with 500mg/kg of taioba leaf, a similar outcome to treatment with 20mg/kg of the standard drug (simvastatin) was observed, significantly reducing total cholesterol, LDL-c, non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and cardiovascular risk, as measured by the Castelli I index. Furthermore, taioba leaf proved to be superior to simvastatin, as it also exhibited hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and nephroprotective activity. A taioba (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) é uma planta alimentícia não convencional cultivada tanto para fins alimentícios como medicinais. Portanto, este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito hipocolesterolêmico e antioxidante da folha de taioba em camundongos dislipidêmicos induzido por dieta. Os camundongos Swiss foram alimentados por 90 dias com dieta hipercolesterolêmica e após 30 dias de tratamento (gavagem) com 500mg/kg de taioba, verificou-se resultado semelhante ao tratamento com 20mg/kg da droga padrão (sinvastatina), reduzindo significativamente o colesterol total, LDL-c, colesterol não HDL, triglicerídeos e o risco cardiovascular, medido pelo índice Castelli I. Além disso, a taioba mostrou-se superior à sinvastatina, pois apresentou ainda atividade hipoglicemiante, antioxidante e nefroprotetora.

Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels (synonymia: Eugenia jambolana Lam.) it is a evergreen perennial medium to large-sized fast growing tree popularly known in Brazil as “Jamelão”, “jambolão”, “cereja”, “jalão”, “jambu”, “azeitona do nordeste”, “ameixa-roxa”, among other denominations. The fruit of this tree is a rich source of anthocyanins, polyphenolic compounds with potent antioxidant activity. Ethanolic/methanolic extracts were prepared from peel (EEMPJ-SF) or peel and pulp (EEMJ-SF) of mature jambolan fruits harvested in the Aquiraz city, Ceará. The aim of the present work was to obtain extracts of jambolan with higher contents of anthocyanins. Five anthocyaninins were identified in both extracts: delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, petunidin 3,5-O-diglucoside, peonidin 3,5-diglucoside and malvidin 3,5-diglucoside. In the EEMCJ-SF extract the order of abundance of anthocyanins was: petunidin 3,5-O-diglucoside (11.20%) > malvidin 3,5-diglucoside (9.40%) > delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside (7.57%) > cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside (5.30%) > and peonidin 3,5-diglucoside (2.68%). The EEMPJ-SF extract had a total anthocyanins concentration of 361.15 mg/g. In the EEMJ-SF extract the order of abundance of anthocyanins was: petunidin 3,5-O-diglucoside (2.37%) > delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside (1.94%) > malvidin 3,5-diglucoside (1.85%) > cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside (0.95%) > e peonidin 3,5-diglucoside (0.44%). The EEMPJ-SF extract had a total anthocyanins concentration of 75.43 mg/g. The jambolan fruit presented anthocyanin amounts superior to other fruits used as nutraceuticals like blueberry, blackberry, purple grape, açaí berry and acerola, for example. In conclusion, the presente study describes the preparation of a anthocyanin enriched standardized extract and increasing scientific knowledgeof this fruit that is still commercially under-exploited in our country. Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels (sinonímia: Eugenia jambolana Lam.) é uma árvore perene, de médio a grande porte e de rápido crescimento popularmente conhecida como Jamelão, jambolão, cereja, jalão, jambu, azeitona do nordeste, ameixa-roxa, entre outras denominações. O fruto desta árvore é rico em antocianinas, compostos polifenóis com potente atividade antioxidante. A partir de frutas maduras coletadas no município de Aquiraz-Ceará foram preparados um extrato etanólico/metanólico da pele (EEMPJ-SF) ou um extrato etanólico/metanólico da pele e da polpa do Jamelão (EEMJ-SF). O objetivo do trabalho foi obter extratos de Jamelão mais concentrados em antocianinas. Nos extratos foram identificadas cinco antocianinas: delfinidina 3,5-diglicosídeo, cianidina 3,5-diglicosídeo, petunidina 3,5-diglicosídeo, peonidina 3,5-diglicosídeo e malvidina 3,5-diglicosídeo. No EEMPJ-SF as antocianinas apresentaram a seguinte ordem de concentração: petunidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (11,20%) > malvidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (9,40%) > delfinidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (7,57%) > cianidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (5,30%) > e peonidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (2,68%). O EEMPJ-SF apresentou um teor de antocianinas na ordem de 361,15 mg/g. No EEMJ-SF as antocianinas apresentaram a seguinte ordem de concentração: petunidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (2,37%) > delfinidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (1,94%) > malvidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (1,85%) > cianidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (0,95%) > e peonidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (0,44%). O EEMPJ-SF apresentou um teor de antocianinas na ordem de 75,43 mg/g. O Jamelão apresentou quantidades de antocianas superiores a outros frutos com notória atividade nutracêutica como mirtilo, amora, uva, açaí e acerola, por exemplo. Portanto, este estudo descreve preparo de um extrato padronizado muito rico em antocianinas agregando conhecimento científico a esta fruta ainda sem muito valor comercial em nosso país.

A doxorrubicina (DX) é uma droga quimioterápica que é amplamente utilizada por pacientes neoplásicos, entretanto promove efeitos colaterais deletérios em tecidos não tumorais, como o tecido adiposo. O mecanismo de ação da DX tem sido associado a uma maior produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio, e terapias com componentes antioxidantes, como a rutina, podem ser benéficas na redução dos efeitos adversos dessa droga. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar o efeito da rutina na adiposidade e homeostase redox do tecido adiposo de camundongos tratados com doxorrubicina. Camundongos Swiss machos foram divididos em três grupos: o controle grupo (CT); o grupo doxorrubicina (DX), no qual os camundongos receberam cloridrato de DX na dose de 2,5 mg / kg peso corporal intraperitoneal duas vezes por semana durante 2 semanas, e grupo RT (DX + rutina), no qual camundongos além de receberem a DX i.p., receberam a rutina diariamente por via oral na dose de 10 mg / kg de peso. Ingestão de alimentos e peso corporal foram avaliados semanalmente e os camundongos foram eutanasiados e coletado os coxins do tecido adiposo (subcutâneo, periepididimal e retroperitoneal), pesados e armazenados a −80◦C. Foram avaliados dano oxidativo e atividade da enzima antioxidante catalase. A rutina atenuou a perda de tecido adiposo causada pela DX, e aumentou a atividade da catalase. Esses resultados demonstram a importância de novos estudos para esclarecer o papel da rutina na redução dos efeitos colaterais relacionados à quimioterapia em órgãos relevantes para o controle da homeostase.

The transport of myo-inositol is the main mechanism for the maintenance of its high intracellular levels. We aimed to measure the mRNA and protein levels of myo-inositol cotransporters in the sciatic nerve (SN) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) during experimental diabetes. Streptozotocin-induced (STZ; 4, 8, and 12 weeks; 65 mg/kg; ip) diabetic rats (DB) and age-matched euglycemic (E) rats were used for the analysis of mRNA and protein levels of sodium myo-inositol cotransporters 1, 2 (SMIT1, SMIT2) or H⁺/myo-inositol cotransporter (HMIT). There was a significant reduction in the mRNA levels for SMIT1 in the SN and DRG (by 36.9 and 31.0%) in the 4-week DB (DB4) group compared to the E group. SMIT2 was not expressed in SN. The mRNA level for SMIT2 was up-regulated only in the DRG in the DB4 group. On the other hand, the protein level of SMIT1 decreased by 42.5, 41.3, and 44.8% in the SN after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of diabetes, respectively. In addition, there was a decrease of 64.3 and 58.0% of HMIT in membrane and cytosolic fractions, respectively, in the SN of the DB4 group. In the DRG, there was an increase of 230 and 86.3% for SMIT1 and HMIT, respectively, in the DB12 group. The levels of the main inositol transporters, SMIT1 and HMIT, were greatly reduced in the SN but not in the DRG. SMIT-1 was selectively reduced in the sciatic nerve during experimental STZ-induced diabetes.