Zhishan Bo

Multimetallic alloy nanoparticles (MMANPs) exhibit excellent properties, yet developing general colloidal routes toward monodisperse MMANPs is still challenging due to multidimensional synthetic complexity. Herein, we demonstrate a generalized Two-NP conversion strategy for the colloidal synthesis of a library of uniform MMANPs, in which parent precursor NPs with well-defined structures are clearly identified that can accommodate various metallic atoms throughout multistep transformation. This study defines two pivotal criteria for eligible parent precursors, verifying colloidal monometallic Pt, Au, and Pd NPs, as well as their bimetallic derivatives, as ideal candidates. The differential competency and rich diversity of parent precursors allow us to design a variety of rational synthetic routes, which enables that the versatile synthesis of MMANPs, including over 200 monodisperse Pt-based ternary-to-senary alloy nanocubes, to be theoretically achieved (the constituent metals studied include Pt, Au, Pd, Fe, Co, Ni, Rh, Ag, Cu, Mn, and Sn). Benefiting from the structural inheritance of parent precursor NPs, 64 representative monodisperse MMANPs with controllable constituent elements, morphology, and size are readily produced. We propose a mechanism-driven synthesis paradigm that replaces empirical screening with a reliable precursor-oriented synthetic methodology, enabling the programmable fabrication of diverse MMANPs.

The integration of photovoltaic modules into wearable electronic devices represents a pivotal advancement for enhancing portability and sustainability. Despite their high efficiency and stability, traditional silicon solar modules are brittle, preventing their applications in mechanically flexible and impact‐resistant wearable devices. Herein, we present a novel approach to deformable silicon solar cell modules of different sizes utilizing flexible kirigami‐structured substrates integrating commercial silicon cells, enabling durability against continuous deformations caused by body movements. For instance, our Module‐14‐7S2P, consisting of 14 silicon solar cells, exhibits a power output of 37.50 mW while maintaining > 95% power retention of its original power output after 5000 deformation cycles and > 94% power retention after 120 h of water immersion. Furthermore, upon deformation to a 13% strain, this module retains ∼80% of the initial power output, data supported by FEA simulations. Our study provides new possibilities for employing silicon solar cells in wearable applications, accelerating the adoption of sustainable and portable wearable electronic devices powered by solar energy.

Surface passivation is critical for high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs), yet achieving a uniform molecular layer is hindered by uncontrolled molecular aggregation, thereby limiting passivation efficiency. Here, we introduce an aggregation control strategy using two complementary molecules, 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamidinium chloride (4BH) and piperazinium iodide (PI), directed by mutual N–H···F hydrogen bonding to form a uniform passivation layer. It pre-empts the disordered self-aggregation for each component alone, yielding a pinhole-free layer with homogeneous surface potential and photocurrent distribution. This aggregation-controlled interface delivers cooperative benefits: (i) a built-in potential enhancement (>0.19 V relative to control) that repels minority carriers, (ii) a nearly 70% reduction in trap density (from 2.12 × 1015 to 0.71 × 1015 cm–3), and (iii) a reduced electron injection barrier to C60, reflected in a ∼13.5% relative increase in the fill factor (from 73.77 to 83.72%). Consequently, inverted PSCs based on the 4BH:PI pair achieve a champion efficiency of 26.23% and retain 91% of their initial performance after 700 h of illumination at the maximum power point tracking, outperforming single-component devices. This work establishes aggregation control via specific hydrogen bonding as a design principle that has received limited attention for surface passivation, offering a simple molecular-pair engineering route toward efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaics.

Hydrogen-bonding passivation of PDINN cathode interlayers by 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT) suppresses self-aggregation and protects non-fullerene acceptors. The PDINN:HOBT-based device achieves 20.01% PCE.

Non‐fused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) provide a low‐cost alternative to fused‐ring electron acceptors for organic solar cells (OSCs). Nevertheless, how terminal substituents on alkyl side chains modulate the crystallization behavior of NFREAs remains largely underexplored. Herein, two NFREAs, namely TTF‐F (fluorine‐terminated side chains) and TTO‐F (methoxy‐terminated side chains), were constructed with identical intramolecular conformational locks and terminal IC acceptor units. Although the two molecules possess nearly identical electronic structures, in situ UV–vis absorption spectroscopy confirms that TTF‐F exhibits much faster crystallization kinetics (completing aggregation within 206 ms) relative to TTO‐F (336 ms). Femtosecond transient absorption measurements demonstrate that the hole‐transfer process in D18: TTF‐F blends proceeds fourfold more rapidly (τ ₁ = 0.26 ps) than that in D18: TTO‐F (τ ₁ = 1.14 ps), consistent with the more ordered π – π stacking revealed by grazing‐incidence wide‐angle x‐ray scattering (GIWAXS). When paired with the polymer donor D18, TTF‐F delivers an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.02%, far exceeding the 13.35% efficiency of TTO‐F ‐based devices. This substantial performance discrepancy mainly stems from distinct crystallization dynamics and resultant thin‐film microstructures. This work establishes a structure–kinetics–morphology–performance relationship for NFREAs by tuning side‐chain terminal groups and offers rational molecular design strategies to fabricate high‐efficiency NFREA‐based OSCs.

Ground-state charge generation (GSCG) offers a potent yet underexplored avenue for trap engineering in organic solar cells (OSCs), provided it can be harnessed without disrupting the bulk heterojunction morphology. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient GSCG strategy via FeCl3 doping in the polymer donor D18, achieving a paradigm of “nondestructive defect passivation.” Mechanistically, the GSCG-induced trap filling operates in the pre-excitation ground state, effectively neutralizing deep-level defects without compromising the donor–acceptor interfacial integrity. Ultrafast spectroscopy reveals that this ground-state premodulation selectively optimizes photophysical dynamics: while preserving efficient exciton dissociation, it profoundly suppresses nongeminate recombination and blocks the energy-loss channel associated with triplet exciton formation. Consequently, the optimized devices deliver a remarkable open-circuit voltage of 0.917 V and a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 20.67%. This work elucidates the mechanism of morphology-compatible defect passivation, establishing GSCG as a critical lever for minimizing energy loss in high-performance OSCs.

In this study, we have discovered a previously neglected interface modification mechanism. Specifically, isolated olefin moieties are capable of donating π‐electrons to metal surfaces, which in turn generates an interfacial dipole and leads to a substantial reduction in the electrode work function. This strategy demonstrates broad applicability across a range of olefin‐containing molecules. Through comparative studies on various metals, it has been determined that silver (Ag) exhibits the most pronounced π→metal donation interaction. When olefin‐functionalized materials are employed as the cathode interlayer (CIL) in organic solar cells (OSCs), they can enhance the built‐in electric field, promote the formation of ohmic contact, improve charge extraction efficiency, and suppress trap‐assisted recombination, resulting in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.88% with a high fill factor over 83% in D18:L8‐BO system. Further analysis by depth‐profile x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals a significant suppression of Ag migration, highlighting the ability of olefin CILs to enhance device stability. Our research indicates that olefins represent a novel class of electrode‐modifying groups with stable chemical properties and electron‐donating characteristics, offering promising prospects for the development of high‐performance, long‐lifetime organic photovoltaic cell technologies.

In this study, we have discovered a previously neglected interface modification mechanism. Specifically, isolated olefin moieties are capable of donating π‐electrons to metal surfaces, which in turn generates an interfacial dipole and leads to a substantial reduction in the electrode work function. This strategy demonstrates broad applicability across a range of olefin‐containing molecules. Through comparative studies on various metals, it has been determined that silver (Ag) exhibits the most pronounced π→metal donation interaction. When olefin‐functionalized materials are employed as the cathode interlayer (CIL) in organic solar cells (OSCs), they can enhance the built‐in electric field, promote the formation of ohmic contact, improve charge extraction efficiency, and suppress trap‐assisted recombination, resulting in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.88% with a high fill factor over 83% in D18:L8‐BO system. Further analysis by depth‐profile x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals a significant suppression of Ag migration, highlighting the ability of olefin CILs to enhance device stability. Our research indicates that olefins represent a novel class of electrode‐modifying groups with stable chemical properties and electron‐donating characteristics, offering promising prospects for the development of high‐performance, long‐lifetime organic photovoltaic cell technologies.

The efficency and stability of perovskite/organic tandem solar cells are fundamentally limited by two interconnected challenges in wide bandgap (WBG) perovskite top cells, namely high‐density surface defects and photo‐induced halide phase segregation. Both issues originate from anionic vacancies—specifically halogen vacancies—which act as shallow traps and serve as sites for ion migration, undermining device performance and stability. Herein, we demonstrate a novel ordered anion‐cation modification (OACM) approach—anionic vacancies are repaired before cation passivation. This order is determined by kinetic accessibility, where small and mobile Br ⁻ ions can easily diffuse into the lattice to fill vacancies. If a molecular passivation layer is deposited first (reversed sequence), a uniform barrier forms that blocks subsequent anion repair, significantly degrading device efficiency. By applying the OACM approach, we fabricated a 1.83 eV WBG perovskite solar cell that achieves an open‐circuit voltage of 1.33 V and a stabilized efficiency of 19.21%, while suppressing photo‐induced phase segregation. When integrated into perovskite/organic tandem devices, the stabilized top cell yields a champion efficiency of 26.20% with an improvement in storage stability. This work contributes to developing a sequence‐defined design principle for defect management in perovskite photovoltaics, transforming interface engineering from empirical trial‐and‐error into a rational, kinetically guided strategy.