Reza Hafezi

Purpose: The integration of digital technologies into renewable energy systems is rapidly transforming the landscape of power generation, offering new pathways for enhancing efficiency, sustainability and scalability. This paper aims to examine the evolving role of digitalization in the development of renewable energy. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs a comprehensive two-phase methodology, comprising machine-based pattern recognition and human-based interpretation phases. In the initial phase of the study, the Web of Science database was queried to identify relevant literature published between 2000 and 2023. This search yielded a dataset of over 20,000 articles. The findings were employed to analyze the thematic structures and technological trajectories. Novel text-mining techniques were employed, including SciBERT-based topic modeling, dimensionality reduction and K-means clustering. Findings: The findings highlight broad patterns in the way digital technologies are incorporated into renewable energy research and point to emerging areas of interest across the field. The analysis identifies ten clusters that map the intersections between digital transformation and renewable energy across different domains. These domains span production- to service-oriented activities on one axis and digital devices to intelligent computational methods on the other. The results provide a structured overview of how research themes are distributed and suggest possible directions for future technological development and stakeholder engagement. Research limitations/implications: The analysis is based on titles, abstracts and keywords, which capture thematic patterns but not the full methodological depth of individual studies. In addition, the dataset is drawn exclusively from the Web of Science database, which may exclude relevant publications indexed elsewhere. Originality/value: This paper offers a systematic methodological framework for mapping technology evolution in the context of renewable energy digitalization and provides a structured interpretation of how digital tools appear across different research domains. The study contributes to the growing body of work at the intersection of digital innovation and sustainable energy by presenting a large-scale, evidence-based overview of current research trends and their potential implications for future development pathways.

In a multipolar international system characterized by geopolitical fragmentation and economic asymmetry, climate diplomacy faces persistent structural constraints. This paper examines why treaty-based international environmental agreements have struggled to deliver durable mitigation outcomes, arguing that their limitations stem less from technical design flaws than from power asymmetries, domestic political incentives, and weak enforcement capacity. In response, the paper operationalizes the concept of transition regimes as a complementary governance architecture capable of functioning under conditions of partial cooperation and strategic competition. Drawing on K-group theory and two-level game logic, the analysis specifies how flexible coalitions of dominant, middle, and subnational actors can generate momentum without presuming universal consensus or stable great-power alignment. The paper further demonstrates how life-cycle-based emissions accounting can serve as a politically salient instrument for differentiated burden-sharing, and how civil society, market actors, and subnational governments function as legitimacy and compliance multipliers within transition regimes. By integrating insights from political economy and climate governance, the paper advances an analytical framework that shifts attention from idealized multilateralism toward pragmatic institutional design under fragmentation. The transition-regimes model is presented not as a replacement for existing treaties, but as a realistic pathway for sustaining climate cooperation when traditional multilateral approaches fall short.

BACKGROUND: Population aging significantly affects the social, economic, and political landscapes of countries, including their health systems. This study aimed to develop a conceptual framework that illustrates the consequences of population aging on the functions and goals of health systems. METHODS: This multi-method study consisted of four stages. First, the WHO-2000 framework for health systems was selected after a comprehensive review and consensus. Second, a systematic review identified the impacts of population aging. Third, an initial conceptual framework was designed. Finally, the framework was validated, completed, and finalized through semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: The study identified 120 concepts related to the consequences of population aging, which were categorized within the functions and goals of the WHO framework. Key consequences for "stewardship" included adapting to demographic changes, modifying system design, and enhancing performance assessment. "Creating resources" faces increased demand, particularly for trained healthcare workers and geriatric care teams. "Financing" requires sustainable resources and strategic purchasing to address the higher healthcare costs associated with an aging population. "Service delivery" needs to focus on meeting the complex needs of older adults. The goals of health systems are also impacted, with implications for improving health outcomes, financial fairness, and responsiveness to non-medical expectations, including a client-oriented approach and respect for vulnerable older adults. CONCLUSION: Adopting strategies and policies based on these identified consequences, coupled with effective implementation, will help policymakers manage the impacts of population aging within health systems.