Tatiana Yurievna Serebryakova

Subject. This article discusses the issues of controlling the efficiency of invested capital as a calculated figure that determines the owners' interest in developing their business. Objectives. The article aims to identify the essential content of the category of invested capital and determine the main principles and features of its control by all interested parties. Methods. For the study, we used comprehensive, institutional, comparative, and functional approaches to analyzing the problem of accounting and analytical support for control. Results. The article highlights the specific nature of the concept of Invested Capital for the purposes of its control compared to common approaches, as well as the methodological gaps in existing methods of controlling invested capital. The research results confirm the need to build internal control over invested capital, which combines the owners' added control and the management's built-in control. Conclusions and Relevance. Invested capital is a calculated value determined based on accounting data. For control purposes, it has some peculiarities due to the inclusion of certain items supported by cash flow. The control of invested capital should be carried out through two levels of management hierarchy: at the owners' level (added control) and at the management level (built-in control), with both levels methodically linked through a system of indicators and analytical procedures. The research results can be applied when determining approaches to developing and establishing internal controls in organizations of different types and sizes, as well as for scientific discussion on this topic.

The article considers the balance of the regional economy as one of the conditions for the economic security of the territory. The thesis is substantiated that the sustainability of a region is determined not only by the scale of gross product, volume of investments or growth rates, but above all by the consistency of the basic proportions of reproduction: between production and consumption, accumulation and current expenditures, export specialization and internal diversification, the center and the periphery, budget revenue base and expenditure obligations, labor market and demographic structure. It is concluded that there is a need to move from fragmentary fixation of individual socio-economic parameters to a comprehensive measurement of the structural coherence of regional development.

Subject. Formation of a methodology for scenario modeling of the development of an innovative resource in regional agriculture. Objectives. Development of a methodological approach to choosing a model for innovative agricultural development in a region, depending on the state of its innovation resource. Methods. Systems, institutional, comparative and simulation approaches, as well as general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis were used to identify the structural components of the innovation resource and their interrelationships. Results. Based on the assessment of the innovation resource in four interrelated blocks (economic resources, organizational and legal mechanism, innovative system of agricultural entrepreneurship and the effectiveness of achieving the goals of innovative development), a consolidated economic indicator of the innovation resource has been formed. The ranking of regions by four levels of this indicator is justified: critical, low, medium and high. To introduce and develop innovations in the agricultural sector, a map of 10 innovative development models has been developed, arranged in a sequential series according to the degree of complexity and resource capacity. An important result of the research was the creation of a scenario modeling matrix. Conclusions. The study confirmed the expediency of ranking agricultural innovation development models depending on the level of the region's innovation resource, since it is precisely this differentiation that provides the theoretical and applied validity of the choice of regional innovation policy instruments. It has been established that for regions with an average level of innovation resource, the most appropriate model is innovation adaptation, focused on the development and replication of already proven technological and organizational management solutions. The results of the study can be applied by regional government bodies to develop innovative agricultural development programs, branch ministries in substantiating the priorities of state support for innovation activities, scientific and educational organizations for the formation of training materials.

The article examines the innovative component of the economic security of the industrial sector at the regional level. The relevance of the research is due to the increasing role of innovation as the main factor of sustainable development and competitiveness of regional economic systems in the context of globalization and geopolitical challenges. Based on the analysis of theoretical approaches to the formation of the innovative component of the economic security of the region, the necessity of its consideration in the development of strategies for the regional development of industry is substantiated. The empirical part of the study is based on the example of three regions of the Volga Federal District - the Chuvash Republic, the Republics of Mordovia and Mari El. A comparative analysis of the level of innovation activity in the industrial sector of these regions is carried out, their innovation potential is assessed and factors hindering the introduction of innovations into industrial production are identified. Special attention is paid to the problems of formation of regional innovation systems, development of innovation infrastructure and investment attractiveness of industrial enterprises. The results of the study can be used by public authorities and management bodies to adjust regional innovation policy aimed at increasing the level of economic security through the activation of innovation processes in industry.

Subject. This article examines methodological approaches to determining the taxation bases for corporate income tax and VAT of a construction company under conditions of activities with different taxation. Objectives. The article aims to find justifications for calculating taxation bases for profit and VAT when carrying out activities of varying duration and legal nature. Methods. For the study, we used induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, modeling, comparison, extrapolation, as well as logical, functional-and-targeted, and analog approaches. Results. The article finds that transactions of different legal and economic nature lead to differences in the timing of income and expense recognition for taxation purposes. Different rules for determining the object of taxation for corporate income tax and VAT lead to a mismatch of taxation bases. However, the economic and legal nature of these various operations allows for combining different principles for determining taxation bases for each type of construction activity. Conclusions and Relevance. In general, the Tax Code of the Russian Federation does not prevent the separate calculation of tax bases due to construction operations of different economic and legal nature, but the difference in approaches complicates accounting and contributes to erroneous methods of calculating profit and value-added taxes. The research results can be used for the theoretical justification of tax accounting for taxable profit and VAT bases, as well as in the practical activities of interested construction organizations.

Subject. The relationship between cash flows and profits of an enterprise, manifested through the mechanisms of converting accounting profits into operating and free cash flows, which can become the basis for management regulation. Objectives. Development of a scientifically based integrated model that links the forecast of operational and free cash flows with targeted profit growth, and the formation of methodological proposals for its application. Methods. The research is based on systematic and integrated approaches, analysis, economic and mathematical modeling of profit and cash flow relationships. Regression analysis, scenario analysis, stress analysis, and dynamic optimization methods are used. Results. A comprehensive forecasting and calculation model is proposed, reflecting the pattern that profit growth is steadily achieved not only by increasing revenue and return on sales, but also by accelerating the turnover of cash and receivables, as it reduces the need for borrowed capital. The developed model combines probabilistic forecasting of cash flows with optimization of working capital and payment calendar parameters. The developed indicator makes it possible to quantify the quality of profit transformation into free cash flow and use it as a target standard in decision-making. The formulated risk-oriented formulation of the task of maximizing the expected profit with limitations on the risk of a cash gap ensures reproducibility and sustainability of the decisions made. Conclusions. Sustainable profit growth in modern conditions requires a transition from separate profit and liquidity management to an integrated forecasting and management circuit, in which cash flow is not a secondary consequence of profit, but an independent regulated variable that affects the cost of capital and the final net profit.

Subject. This article discusses the issues of organization and personnel management in municipal government bodies, their ability to adapt to modern changes in the external and internal environment, provided they have fundamental knowledge. Objectives. The article aims to analyze theoretical approaches and models that ensure the effectiveness of human resource management in municipal structures. Methods. For the study, we used deduction and induction, synthesis and analysis, generalization and modeling, abstraction, as well as the logical method. Results. The article systematizes the variety of existing interpretations of the concept of Personnel Management, particular attention paid to the specifics of this process in the public sector. Based on the study of the architecture of the personnel management system, presented by three main blocks, the article analyzes its key functions and identifies the characteristic features of personnel management at the municipal level, in particular, the lack of influence on the formation of long-term public policy. Conclusions and Relevance. Management processes in the HR field, including local government bodies, need digital transformation. Automation of HR processes, implementation of data analytics systems, as well as updating employee interaction formats are the key areas of such a transformation. The results obtained have practical significance, can be implemented in the educational process, and can also serve as a basis for further scientific research in this field.

Subject. This article examines the issues related to the methodology of accounting for construction activities in terms of disclosing the particularities of revenue and expense recognition in conditions of production of varying duration. Objectives. The article aims to find justifications for recognizing income from the short cycle when using its products in long-term construction of a real estate project. Methods. For the study, we used induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, modeling, comparison, extrapolation, as well as logical, functional and targeted, and analogical approaches. Results. The article finds that construction business organizations often face the methodological problem of determining a reliable financial result from their activities, which is related to their operation in several areas, the production cycles of which differ significantly in duration. Accounting standards offer tried-and-true methodologies. However, an ambiguous situation arises regarding a finished product from a short cycle that is consumed in a cycle with a long period of readiness and sale. Conclusions and Relevance. The results of studying the issue of accounting for activities of varying duration for the purpose of calculating financial results have practical significance, and also raise a methodological scientific problem regarding the insufficiency of regulation in accounting standards for complex business situations.

Subject. This article discusses the importance of monitoring the implementation of economic tasks at the regional and national levels, and the possibility of carrying out the control function and organizing its informational support in macroeconomic systems. Objectives. The article aims to identify the features of monitoring the implementation of tasks for the development of regional and national economic systems and assess the availability of necessary information for control. Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, logical generalization, comparison, analogy, and modeling. Results. The article describes the problems of defining functions and tasks in organizing control and the reasons for their occurrence, as well as the difficulties in the information support of control actions and the shortcomings related to the target indicators, in the context of the accounting capabilities of their accumulation. Conclusions and Relevance. The control of regional and national economies is not supported by relevant information, cannot be fully implemented due to the lack of specific values of economic indicators, the achievement of which is necessary or desirable for sustainable economic development, as well as due to the difficulties in accounting and accumulating these indicators at the macro level. The results and conclusions of the study can be applied for further research on the processes of control and analytical generalization of macroeconomic indicators for the assessment of regional and national economies, as well as in the educational process for training specialists in economic areas.

Subject. This article discusses the fundamentals of regional financial security, considered as a component of the economic security system. Objectives. The article aims to systematize the goals, objectives, and functional subjects related to the risk management in the regional financial system in the context of its importance for countering threats to economic security. Methods. For the study, I used analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, logical method, and generalization. Results. The article defines that the financial component of the regional economy is an important part of the regional regulatory system, and it suggests basic approaches to assessing the risks of financial security in the region. Conclusions and Relevance. Risk management is carried out by many government bodies at the regional level and its municipalities, as well as by civil society, and it involves a phased study of the determinants of the economic situation of the region in order to identify and control financial risks. The results of the research can be used for further studies on the issues of regional financial risks and the development of methods for their timely detection.