Shengfu Wang

Urinalysis plays a crucial role in the early clinical diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, early-stage biomarker concentrations are at relatively low levels, and existing methods are limited by single-mode signal output, resulting in insufficient detection accuracy for early diagnosis. To address this, a zeolite nanoreactor-assisted electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and colorimetric sensing platform is developed for kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) detection, a well-established urinary biomarker of AKI, with high sensitivity and specificity. After specific capture of KIM-1 by the antibody, the zeolite nanoreactor served as a high-capacity porous carrier for Ru(Bpy)32+ or horseradish peroxidase, which provides a nanoconfined environment to enhance ECL and colorimetric reactions, respectively. The multifunctional biosensing platform achieves dual signal output via ECL and colorimetric reactions, ranging from 0.01 pg mL−1 to 100 pg mL−1. The detection limits of KIM-1 via ECL and colorimetric analysis are 7.4 fg mL−1 and 1.0 fg mL−1, respectively. To further validate its application in a complicated environment, urine samples from drug-induced AKI mice were analyzed. The results show that both ECL and colorimetric analysis enable AKI diagnosis 6 h after drug induction, demonstrating the potential for non-invasive diagnosis in the early stages of AKI.

The on-demand, reversible manipulation of many-body spin states in single-molecule junctions is a central challenge in molecular electronics. Here, we report the on-surface synthesis and localized gating of a highly symmetric, covalent macrocyclic hexamer composed of stable Blatter radicals on Au(111). Benefiting from the topological confinement of the rigid macrocyclic framework, the individual radical units exhibit exceptional structural and electronic stability. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals distinct Spin-1/2 Kondo resonances localized at each triazinyl core. By applying local voltage pulses from an STM tip, we achieve high-fidelity, reversible switching between two conformational states via the rotation of a phenyl substituent, which significantly modulates the molecule–substrate hybridization and reduces the Kondo line width by nearly half. Crucially, due to the synergistic topological confinement provided by the intrinsically localized spin distribution and the destructive quantum interference inherent in the meta-phenylene linkages, adjacent spin centers remain magnetically isolated, allowing independent, single-site addressing with zero cross-talk. Comparison with a strained, non-planar pentamer underscores the vital role of macrocyclic configuration in preserving manipulation stability. This work provides a robust chemical platform for the spatial-selective control of localized strong-correlation phenomena in covalent radical nanostructures.

A ratiometric near-infrared-II fluorescent probe based on gold nanoclusters was constructed for early and accurate imaging of acute kidney injury.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in edible oils poses a serious threat to food safety, yet its sensitive and rapid detection is hindered by the high viscosity and electrical insulativity of oil matrices. Herein, we constructed an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing chip for rapid determination of AFB1 in corn oil. Honeycomb‐like porous carbon materials (HPCMs) derived from wood waste were employed to encapsulate CsPbBr ₃ quantum dots (CsPbBr ₃ QDs). The resulting CsPbBr ₃ QDs@HPCMs composites exhibit efficient ECL responses without coreactant participation in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid electrolyte. A patterned three‐electrode chip fabricated with carbon ink on a plastic substrate was constructed as a portable ECL device. Coupled with a humic acid‐bonded silica solid‐phase extraction needle, this platform enables ultrasensitive and selective detection of AFB1 in corn oil. This study offers a promising ECL sensing strategy in oil‐phase food safety analysis.

Penicillin antibiotic accumulation, especially in the food matrix, can give rise to antibiotic resistance risks and allergic reactions in the body, posing great adverse impacts on human health. A cathodic photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor has demonstrated great advantages in analytical detection because of its high sensitivity and strong anti-interference capability. Herein, an efficient cathodic PEC sensor was presented based on oxygen vacancy (OV)-engineered hierarchical BiNPs@h-BiOBr composites and a magnetic bead (MB)-assisted enzymatic modulation strategy. The few-layered nanoflake-assembled hierarchical bismuth oxybromide (h-BiOBr) structure was formed by a mild halogenation reaction with a Bi-based metal-organic framework (Bi-MOF) as a template. Further introducing plasma Bi nanoparticles (BiNPs) and rich OVs on h-BiOBr effectively extended the spectral absorption range and enhanced photogenerated charge separation and transfer efficiency, thereby producing an amplified cathodic PEC response under hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as electron acceptors. Taking penicillin G (PG) as the model target, an MB-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis reaction was triggered based on the target-aptamer recognition to convert sodium thiophosphate (Na₃SPO₃) to hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), which can react with Bi³⁺ in the BiNPs@h-BiOBr photoelectrode to generate bismuth sulfide (Bi₂S₃), inducing an obvious PEC signal suppression. Using this mechanism, the proposed PEC sensor demonstrated ultrasensitive determination of PG with a low detection limit of 23 fg/mL, along with admirable anti-interference capability, reproducibility, and stability. Furthermore, it was successfully used to detect PG in multiple animal-derived foods with satisfactory recoveries, providing a valuable tool for antibiotic contamination assessment toward food safety.

Three-dimensional DNA nanomachine is an attractive tool in bioanalytical applications; however, the walking efficiency is still constrained by the inherent weak driving force. Herein, by utilizing the localized polymerization reaction of polyacrylamide (pAM) and DNA initiated on gallium-based liquid metal (LM), a near-infrared propelled LM-pAM-DNA nanobullet was designed to construct a colorimetric (CL), photothermal (PT), and electrochemical (EC) triple-mode sensing platform. The LM-pAM-DNA nanobullet held a good photothermal effect under near-infrared irradiation, which caused a temperature gradient between the nanobullet and the ambient solution to propel thermoelectrophoresis, resulting in a higher walking efficiency and shortened moving time. With the target-triggered walking process progressing, the DNA tracks on magnetic beads@mesoporous silica (MBs@SiO₂) conjugates were cleaved, leading to the release of loaded tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Taking full advantage of the supernatant and precipitate, a triple-mode biosensing platform was constructed with the readout of colorimetric signal (CL mode) and photothermal signal (PT mode) of oxTMB, and electrochemical signal of the remnant TMB in MBs@SiO₂-DNA conjugates (EC mode). Using insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) as a model target, the proposed strategy achieved sensitive detection of IGF-1 with the detection limits of 83.73 pM, 447.73 pM, and 0.22 fM for CL, PT, and EC modes, respectively, providing a promising approach for early diagnosis and monitoring of disease.

A Cu-NiS ₂ @COF@PEG nanoreactor not only eliminated pathogenic biofilms but also accelerated collagen deposition and angiogenesis, significantly enhancing wound healing efficiency.

Pure organic radicals are promising building blocks for spintronic and quantum computing devices. However, their practical implementation critically depends on the ability to control spin states on surfaces, which remains a fundamental challenge. Here, by combining submolecular characterizations via scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy with density functional theory calculations, we resolve two distinct adsorption conformations (3A and 3B) of a stable pure organic Blatter-type triradical (BTR) on Au(111) and identify their geometry-dependent Kondo states. Crucially, harnessing the structural flexibility of the BTR, we achieve reversible in situ switching between these Kondo states via tip manipulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate reversible spin-state toggling between spin-on radical states (3A and 3B) and spin-off hydrogenated states (3HA and 3HB) through controlled hydrogenation/dehydrogenation. Our work provides direct evidence of an intricate adsorption geometry-spin relationship in structurally flexible pure organic radicals, establishing structural flexibility as a design principle for molecular spintronic devices.