Yanli Tang

Bacterial biofilms exhibit remarkable resistance to conventional antibiotics and host immune responses, posing a major challenge for the treatment of bacterial infections and infected wounds. Herein, we propose a Bio‑Pd‑driven in‑situ polymerization strategy on bacterial surfaces to fabricate a cationic conjugated microporous polymer (CCMPM) that achieves synergistic antibacterial and antibiofilm performance. A mannose‐functionalized monomer and a quaternary ammonium‐functionalized monomer were rationally designed to enhance bacterial targeting, water solubility, and bacterial membrane affinity. Under Bio‐Pd catalysis, the two monomers underwent Sonogashira coupling directly on bacterial surfaces to generate CCMPM in situ. The intimate interactions between CCMPM and bacterial cells effectively shortened the diffusion distance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby enhancing photodynamic antibacterial efficacy, while the cationic polymer coating inhibited bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Benefiting from these synergistic effects, the in situ polymerized CCMPM achieved complete eradication of Escherichia coli under light irradiation and efficiently eliminated biofilm‐embedded bacteria. Furthermore, CCMPM significantly accelerated infected wound healing and promoted tissue regeneration without inducing obvious systemic toxicity. This work establishes Bio‐Pd‐mediated in situ polymerization as an effective strategy for constructing functional conjugated microporous polymers on bacterial surfaces for antibacterial and antibiofilm applications.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for deep‐seated tumors is fundamentally constrained by limited tissue penetration, the ultrashort lifetime of singlet oxygen ( ¹ O ₂ ), and the lack of reusable oxygen delivery systems. Herein, we report a near‐infrared (NIR) triggered rechargeable “singlet oxygen battery” that enables sustained and cyclic ¹ O ₂ supply for enhanced phototherapy. A series of aza‐boron‐dipyrromethene (aza‐BODIPY) probes (NBDP, ABDP, and PBDP) are rationally engineered by integrating distinct ¹ O ₂ carriers, among which PBDP exhibits optimal performance. Upon 808 nm irradiation (5 min), PBDP nanoparticles (NPs), as the singlet oxygen battery, generate abundant ¹ O ₂ that is reversibly captured via [4+2] cycloaddition with 2‐pyridone to form endoperoxides (EPOs), while simultaneously enabling efficient photothermal conversion. After light cessation, stored ¹ O ₂ is thermally released from EPOs for up to 1 h, realizing sustained therapeutic action. Notably, the system supports multiple charging–discharging cycles with negligible performance decay. In vivo NIR‐II imaging reveals efficient tumor accumulation, leading to significant tumor suppression via synergistic sustained PDT/PTT (photothermal therapy) with excellent biocompatibility. This work provides a rechargeable ¹ O ₂ storage and release platform by integrating NIR activation, self‐heating‐assisted discharge, and cyclic phototherapeutic capability, offering a promising strategy to improve the efficiency and durability of phototherapy for tumor treatment.

The development of novel antibacterial strategies for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections is urgent. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered a promising solution. However, near-infrared (NIR) type I photosensitizers are still lacking for deep-tissue infection treatment. Herein, we construct a series of donor–acceptor (D–A) NIR-conjugated polymers with type I PDT through precise molecular engineering and systematically elucidate the structure–activity relationship between D–A architecture and type I reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capacity. First, three D–A polymers are synthesized by pairing fluorene with different acceptors, among which TQT (6,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline)-based conjugated polymer (VCP3) exhibits the highest ROS generation. Subsequent donor engineering with TQT as an acceptor affords NIR-absorbing polymers. In particular, NIR-conjugated polymer NCP3, bearing 2,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)fluorene as a donor, demonstrates outstanding type I ROS generation ability. The resulting cationic NCP3 NPs achieve efficient photodynamic antibacterial performance for treating bacterial abscesses in vivo with favorable biosafety. This work provides robust molecular engineering guidelines for designing NIR type I photosensitizers toward deep-tissue antibacterial therapy.

Malignant tumors, pathogenic infections, and other major diseases pose severe threats to human health, making the integrated demand for precise diagnosis and effective treatment increasingly urgent. Near‐infrared (NIR) donor‐acceptor (D‐A) Molecular Probes demonstrate tremendous application potential in disease theranostics due to their unique advantages, such as strong structural designability, excellent biocompatibility, and tunable optical properties. Particularly in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm), these probes enable deeper tissue penetration, lower background interference, and higher imaging resolution. This review systematically summarizes the molecular design strategies for NIR D‐A molecular probes, including D‐A structure optimization, conjugated backbone regulation, and construction of activatable response mechanisms. It focuses on the latest research progress in precise diagnosis involving fluorescence imaging and chemiluminescence imaging, as well as effective treatment modalities such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and synergistic therapies combining these approaches. Furthermore, the present review analyzes the implementation pathways and core advantages of theranostic integration. Current challenges, including improving fluorescence quantum yield and optimizing biosafety, are also summarized, providing a reference for further breakthroughs of NIR organic conjugated probes in the field of precision medicine.

We successfully construct antimicrobial cotton fabrics OCF-PDA-PDI, which could eliminate bacteria through synergistic contact-killing and photodynamic sterilization. Meanwhile, it demonstrated exceptional wash-durable antimicrobial performance.

Fluorescence imaging-based combined photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapy strategies have presented as an attractive technique for cancer diagnosis and treatment, offering advantages such as noninvasiveness, real-time monitoring and high antitumor efficiency. However, conventional synergistic PDT/PTT platforms often rely on complex multicomponent nanosystems, which face challenges such as batch-to-batch variability, inefficient energy transfer, and the need for multiple excitation sources. To overcome these limitations and achieve a streamlined yet multifunctional system, we rationally designed and synthesized a donor-acceptor conjugated polymer CPBTT, and further developed conjugated polymer nanoparticles CPBTT-NPs. Upon irradiation with a single 808 nm laser, the CPBTT-NPs exhibited a remarkable multifunctional response: (1) strong NIR-II fluorescence for high-resolution imaging of deep tissues; (2) generating cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (via type-I PDT pathway); (3) generating substantial localized heat for PTT. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that CPBTT-NPs effectively achieve deep-tissue tumor visualization, precise tumor accumulation and potent tumor ablation with minimal systemic toxicity. This all-in-one phototherapeutic platform thus provides a simple, reproducible, and efficient strategy for advanced imaging-guided cancer theranostics.

Chronic diabetic wounds pose severe challenges in the clinic due to drug-resistant biofilm infections and an inflammatory microenvironment. Herein, an injectable hydrogel (NPs@gel) is developed and applied for antibiofilm and anti-inflammation, accelerating diabetic wound healing. First, an o-nitrobenzene (NB)-modified conjugated polyfluorene vinylene photosensitizer (PFV-NB) is designed and synthesized. Then, PFV-CA NPs are prepared, containing PFV-NB, chloramphenicol, and astaxanthin (AST), followed by the construction of NPs@gel. Notably, under light irradiation, PFV-NB can generate aldehyde groups that adhere to the biofilm through the Schiff base reaction, inhibiting the bacterial drug efflux pump, resensitizing the chloramphenicol, and damaging the biofilm. Meanwhile, PFV-NB can produce reactive oxygen species, further enabling photodynamic therapy and antibiofilm activity. Also, AST can alleviate inflammation after antibacterial treatment and regulate the diabetic wound microenvironment. Finally, NPs@gel can perfectly cover irregular wounds and realize programmed diabetic wound therapy. This work provides a promising synergistic strategy and material for the efficient treatment of chronic wounds.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising cancer treatment. However, the high temperature generated during therapy may harm normal tissues, and the immunosuppressive microenvironment induced by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) hinders immune clearance of residual tumors after PTT. Therefore, developing mild PTT and remodeling the immunosuppressive microenvironment are crucial to improve antitumor efficacy and irradiation safety. Herein, we developed a biomimetic composite nanoparticle based on ribonucleoprotein (RNP), tetra-methylphenidine (TMP195), and a designed amphiphilic NIR-II conjugated polymer, PCQ-PEG-NH₂. PCQ-PEG-NH₂ exhibits a high photothermal conversion efficiency (58.1%), enabling PTT under safe laser intensity. The loaded RNP specifically knocks down the HSP90α gene, reducing tumor thermotolerance to enhance mild PTT efficiency. TMP195 reprograms TAMs from M2 to M1 phenotype, alleviating immunosuppression. Additionally, macrophage membrane modification endows nanoparticles with excellent biocompatibility and active tumor-targeting ability. In a breast cancer mouse model, this synergistic strategy outperformed traditional PTT, providing a promising strategy for mild-PTT tumor therapy with high efficacy.

A novel nitric oxide activatable NIR-II organic small molecule CTBA was developed with great NIR-II fluorescence, and photodynamic and photothermal effects for precise tumor diagnosis and treatment.