Ahmad Haroun Al-Nawafleh

Background: Work-related injuries pose significant physical, psychological, and economic burdens on workers, their families, and society. Rehabilitation and return-to-work (RTW) programs are essential for recovery and reintegration into the workforce. However, little is known about injured workers’ perceptions of and satisfaction with rehabilitation services in Jordan. Objective: This study aims to explore and compare the perceptions and satisfaction of injured employees with rehabilitation services offered by the Social Security Corporation (SSC) and evaluate their outcomes of returning to work (RTW). Methods: This cross-sectional survey evaluated perceptions and outcomes of return-to-work and satisfaction of a random sample of injured employees in Jordan in 2022. Phone interviews were conducted by trained interviewers using a five-part questionnaire on injury and rehabilitation experiences. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests, including independent t-tests, ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: A total of 400 injured workers were surveyed. The mean age of the respondents was 36.1 ± 10.3 years, with the majority being males (92.5%) and married (70.3%). Less than half (46.8%) received rehabilitative services. The type and cause of injury were strongly correlated with receiving rehabilitation ( p < 0.001). The mean perception rating was 3.89 ± 0.49 (out of 5), and the mean satisfaction rating among those who underwent rehabilitation was 4.52 ± 0.53. Perception was significantly higher among higher-income workers and workers who had rehabilitation services. There was a positive correlation between perception and satisfaction (r = 0.328, p < 0.001). In general, 87.5% of those who were injured returned to work. Conclusion: Most injured workers successfully returned to work and expressed generally positive perceptions of SSC rehabilitation services. Enhancing awareness among employers and employees about the value and benefits of rehabilitation could further improve understanding, engagement, and utilization of these services among injured workers.

Background: The healthcare system, particularly the midwifery profession in Jordan, faces significant challenges that negatively impact midwives and the quality of maternal care, primarily due to resource limitations and increasing service demands. While quantitative research has examined burnout levels among Jordanian midwives, there is limited qualitative insight into their lived experiences, particularly in the southern region of Jordan. Objective: This study aimed to explore the factors contributing to burnout among midwives in southern Jordan and to gain a deeper understanding of their professional experiences within the current healthcare context. Methods: A qualitative descriptive approach was employed between 2023 and 2024. Ten midwives were purposively recruited from public hospitals and community health centers in southern Jordan. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Trustworthiness was ensured using Lincoln and Guba’s criteria: confirmability, credibility, dependability, and transferability. Results: Two main themes emerged from the analysis: 1) the emotional and physical toll of undervaluation and its negative impact on job satisfaction, and 2) limited professional autonomy and challenges related to empowerment in clinical settings. These findings reflect both personal and structural contributors to burnout. Conclusion: Burnout among midwives in southern Jordan is driven by emotional strain, lack of recognition, and restricted autonomy. These challenges affect not only job satisfaction but also the quality of care provided. Addressing these issues through supportive policies, improved working conditions, and greater professional recognition is critical for strengthening the midwifery workforce. The findings also offer valuable insights for other countries with similar healthcare structures and midwifery challenges.

Background: Current infection prevention and control guidelines, protocols, and practices for public, outside healthcare facilities are not adequate as evidenced by increasing rates of infections and outbreaks. This study proposed to formulate a consensus on the guidelines that would then govern future public health‐related infection prevention and control practices. Methods: A three‐round Delphi technique was used to generate experts’ consensus on the development and required modifications of the current IPC guidelines to address public safety. Eighteen infection prevention and control practitioners and experts were interviewed individually during the three rounds. Results: Three themes identified during the first round: first, policies and regulations; second, curricula reforms and education for all levels (such as kindergartens, schoolers, and the public); and third, the content of the IPC public manual. Results from Rounds I, II, and III changed a few subcategories until experts agreed on the themes and the subthemes. It is required that one department be responsible for providing IPC and the needed training of employees and public individuals in nonhealthcare institutes. Conclusion: Through a semistructured Delphi consensus process, this study formulated key guidelines for society‐based IPC outside the healthcare settings. The resulting consensus emphasizes the need for standardized policies and regulations, comprehensive education across all societal levels, and a unified public IPC manual. Crucially, the findings mandate establishing a designated authority responsible for coordinating IPC implementation training and oversight across all nonhealthcare sectors to enhance public safety post‐COVID‐19.

Aim: To determine nurses’ perception of horizontal violence and its relationship with intention to leave among Jordanian nurses. Background: Horizontal violence is detrimental to healthcare organizations. Healthcare employees who are victims of horizontal violence may become unable to perform well, living with severe stress. Few studies in the world and no study in Jordan has examined the influence of horizontal violence on intent to stay among nurses. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study design was used in this study. Result: 520 registered nurses were recruited, and 436 surveys were returned, resulting in an 83% response rate. The findings showed that, horizontal violence is moderate among nurses in Jordan. The mean score for nurse’s intent to leave work indicated a solid willingness to leave the job. The correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship between horizontal violence and intent to leave. Female nurses reported significantly higher scores than males; also, there is a significant difference in responses in horizontal violence based on educational level. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that horizontal violence in Jordanian organizations is moderate, and it has a significant relationship with nurses’ intention to leave. Implication for nursing management: Nursing managers have a vital role in ensuring and enforcing the ‘zero violence’ policy in their department, which means that no reported incident of horizontal violence will be ignored. Each identified case of horizontal violence will be investigated and addressed appropriately.

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) patient safety curriculum (PSC) in improving the patient safety education for nursing students in Jordanian higher education programmes. Methods: An interventional design adopting a pre-test and post-test was used. A questionnaire survey was administered to 373 nursing students before and after the curriculum. Students were asked to complete pre-test and post-test questionnaires on self-awareness of patient safety. Results: Students had moderate knowledge of factors that influence patient safety and scored as the highest, (mean 3.45, SD 0.94). The greatest improvement was in the role of the health organisation in error reporting (the mean difference was 0.97, P = 0.001). Taking into consideration the essential measurements, the results obtained after the post-test regarding the two patient safety topics showed a significant increase after completing the training, demonstrating that the patient safety course was effective. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of developing a curriculum in nursing schools that incorporates patient safety education. The WHO PSC guide can be a great start in this domain.

Background: This study is based on extensive evidence-based assessments. The aim of this paper is to evaluate how well Jordan’s health information system (HIS) incorporates social determinants of health inequity (SDHI) and to propose suggestions for future actions. Methods: An extensive evidence-based assessment was performed. A meta-synthesis of the inclusion of the SDHI in the HIS in Jordan was conducted. After searching and shortlisting, 23 papers were analyzed using Atlas.ti 9.0 employing thematic analysis technique. Results: The HIS in Jordan is quite comprehensive, comprising numerous data sources, various types of information, and data from multiple producers and managers. Nevertheless, the HIS confronts several obstacles and fails to ensure the timely and secure publication of available data. The assessment of the inclusion of the SDHI in the HIS showed that the HIS allows for the measurement of progress in relation to social policies and actions but has a very limited database for supporting the inclusion of health inequity measures. One reason for the difficulty in identifying fairness is that certain crucial information necessary for this task cannot be obtained through the available institutional HIS or population survey tools. Additionally, relevant modules for fairness may be missing from population surveys, possibly due to a failure to fully utilize the capabilities of the institutional HIS. Conclusion: There are opportunities to make use of Jordan’s dedication to fairness and its already established strong HIS. Some social determinants of health exist in the HIS, but much more data, information, and effort are needed to integrate the SDHI into the Jordanian HIS. A proposal from a regional initiative has put forward a comprehensive set of indicators for integrating SDHI into HIS, which could aid in achieving health equity in Jordan.

Background: Psychosocial care is an integral component of holistic nursing practices. This study aimed to examine how fourth-year nursing students at Mutah University perceive various care characteristics, specifically psychosocial care. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using the Caring Dimension Inventory (CDI). Data were obtained from 105 nursing students before graduating from a Jordanian public educational institution. Data analyzed using the scoring of CDI and descriptive statistics. Results: The mean scores in the professional and technical domain of care were statistically higher for fourth-year nursing students (4.69 ± 0.25). This exceeded their scores in the psychosocial domain of care (3.37 ± 1.20). This suggests that fourth-year nursing students prioritize professional and technical care over psychosocial care. Conclusions: Fourth-year nursing students tended to perceive the technical aspects of care as more significant than the psychosocial aspects. This highlights the need for nursing schools and healthcare providers to reconsider their focus and prioritize the importance of psychosocial care.

The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) patient safety curriculum (PSC) in improving the patient safety education for nursing students in Jordanian higher education programmes. Methods: An interventional design adopting a pre-test and post-test was used. A questionnaire survey was administered to 373 nursing students before and after the curriculum. Students were asked to complete pre-test and post-test questionnaires on self-awareness of patient safety. Results: students had moderate knowledge of factors that influence patient safety and scored as the highest, (mean 3.45, SD 0.94). The greatest improvement was in the role of the health organisation in error reporting (the mean difference was 0.97, P=0.001). Taking into consideration the essential measurements, the results obtained after the post-test regarding the two patient safety topics showed a significant increase after completing the training, demonstrating that the patient safety course was effective. Conclusion: the study highlights the importance of developing a curriculum in nursing schools that incorporates patient safety education. The WHO PSC guide can be a great start in this domain.

Background: Psychopathology could be brought on by an immune system disruption triggered by an infection. Psychiatric residual effects have been noted following prior coronavirus outbreaks.Method: This study is a cross‐sectional study that examined the psychopathological influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic among survivor students compared to students who have never been diagnosed as positive COVID‐19 patients (i.e., healthy students). Further, the study identified the relationship between sociodemographic profiles and mental health. To examine the significance of psychological health differences we used the DASS‐21, to measure depression, anxiety, and stress scales. There were seven questions to assess each dimension within the psychological scales. The respondents were selected randomly via online sources and completed the online self‐reporting questionnaire between August 23 and October 2, 2021.Results: A total of 750 students completed the online questionnaire, with 677 participants (90.27% of those originally surveyed) included in the final analysis of this study. The mean score of the stress scale for healthy students (M = 16.88, SD = 12.3, N = 537) demonstrated a significantly lower mean compared to COVID‐19 survival students (M = 21.7, SD = 11.01, N = 140), t(675) = −4.22, p < 0.001. The mean of the depression scale for healthy students (M = 16.18, SD = 11.94) demonstrated significantly lower mean compared to COVID‐19 survival students (M = 20.91, SD = 11. 90), t(675) = −4.18, p < 0.001. The mean of the anxiety scale for healthy students (M = 12.50, SD = 10.72) demonstrated significantly lower mean compared to COVID‐19 survival students (M = 19.43, SD = 11. 25), t(675) = −6.74, p < 0.001.Conclusion: University students who were infected with COVID‐19 had a traumatic experience, and thus developed psychological symptoms greater than students with no history of this infection.