Ali Fahad Fahem

The Rubber-carbon black composite material-based product is the main matrix used in domestic and industrial applications in the last decades. This study proposes replacing the reinforcing carbon with matrix-neutral rubber with epoxy resins to reduce the carbon footprint and lower the environmental impact while enhancing the product's mechanical properties. Five additive percentages of carbon--epoxy, starting from 100-50% Carbon-black and 0-50% Epoxy, were studied using a hybrid experimental-numerical approach. Experimentally, the extension fatigue, flexural fatigue, and elongation modulus testing were completed using the universal testing machines with a low loading rate (quasi-static process). Numerical, the finite element analysis by the commercial software ABAQUS-SAE within the built-in hyperelastic constitutive model was utilized to visualize the full-field stresses. The experimental nominal stress-strain data was used as input for the numerical model, and Ogden's formula was applied to simulate the mechanical response of the specimens. The stress field and stress concentration of different experimental tests are given. The effect of increasing the additive epoxy on the rubber-carbon mechanical response and the fatigue life under repeated loads were identified and discussed. Furthermore, the results show that a small amount of epoxy can be used as a reinforcing material for a rubber compound and it improves the mechanical properties. This along with more results are shown in the result section

Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences (QJES), E-ISSN: (2411-7773), P-ISSN: (1998-4456), was established in 2008. The Journal, in its current form, is intended to contribute to the state of the art in all engineering research fields. The Journal is a peer-reviewed journal published by The University of Al-Qadisiyah, the College of Engineering. The journal is published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). The QJES has been indexed by Scopus recently, starting in December 2023.

Ballistic protection of vehicles has become an important endeavor, as it is concerned with how occupants can possess a comfortable feeling together with a high level of protection during a shooting incident. In recent years, numerous forms of armor have employed several kinds of distinct materials to produce a new generation of panels to address the crucial issues in the structure of armor, such as how to provide high protection with reduced density combined with further increasing the stacking and bond strength between the layers of the panel. This study attempts to use a different approach represented by engineering design to combine with the high impact resistance and low weight, moreover high bonding between the laminate of structure. The structure of the suggested armor consists of five main layers made of different materials, FRP composite materials, then two perforated layers of steel, followed by one perforated layer of rubber, and finally one layer of aluminum. These layers were tested via 9 mm caliber to specify the ability of each layer to absorb the energy of the projectile and then the configuration of the layers depending on the function of each layer. However, the results offer a significant ballistic performance with reasonably reduced mass and excellent bonding strength between the layers of the structure.