Angel Treasa Alex

Gold nanoparticles have found a wide range of application in biomedical sciences. Unique properties of these metal nanoparticles include surface plasmon resonance and size dependent colour change. Various molecules have been functionalized on the gold nanoparticles surface but carbohydrates have garnered attention due to their properties and their role in living systems. However certain challenges make carbohydrate-gold nanoparticles association difficult to obtain and stabilize. This study was carried out to chemically remodel gold nanoparticles by adding a monosaccharide mannose to its surface. A modified phase transfer method was used to synthesize gold nanoparticles. The surface of the nanoparticles was fixed with cyanuric chloride to serve as a linker. Mannose was then linked to the linker molecule. All three stages of the process, gold nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles with linker and gold nanoparticles with the carbohydrate were analyzed for size and stability. Zeta potential and UV-vis data exhibited stable gold nanoparticles dispersion, successful binding of linker molecule as well as the carbohydrate. This study shows a simple, cost-effective and robust method of glycomodification of gold nanoparticles surface which can further find use in wide ranging applications.

Background: Over the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in Two- Dimensional Liquid Chromatography (2D-LC). This advanced technology has become a relevant solution for solving all the analytical challenges encountered in the pharmaceutical industry. The primary purpose of this review is to give a brief account of the developing techniques notable in 2D-LC. Methods: Review of recent literature on advanced separation techniques for complex mixtures revealed that 2D-LC is the most widely used technique in the pharmaceutical laboratory for the separation of complex samples. Among the various techniques used in 2D-LC, comprehensive 2D-LC and heart-cutting 2D-LC are highly used techniques. To enhance the resolution, further development has been made to heart-cutting 2D-LC called multiple heart-cutting 2D-LC, which has recently become a very popular technique in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore research articles mentioning the use of multiple heart-cutting 2D-LC for separation of complex mixtures were reviewed. Results: The most crucial benefit of multiple heart-cutting 2D-LC is its reduced effort in method development and also the storage of multiple sample sections for further analysis. The multiple heartcutting 2D-LC is suited, preferably for method development and impurity analysis of pharmaceutical substances, fine chemicals and offers better peak separation, which is otherwise not possible by comprehensive 2D-LC. Conclusion: The advantage of two-dimensional liquid chromatography over one-dimensional liquid chromatography is its high resolving power. Further improvement in resolution was achieved by using the advanced multiple heart-cutting 2D-LC which appears to have an imperative role in pharmaceutical and food analysis.