Sanchai Jaturasitha

Different proteases can be applied to produce certain bioactive peptides. This study focused on the effects of some commercial proteases and drying processes on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of chicken breast hydrolysates (CBH). Chicken breast hydrolyzed with Alcalase^® presented a higher degree of hydrolysis (DH) than papain. Moreover, the treatment with Alcalase^®, followed by papain (A-P), was more proficient in producing antioxidant activities than a single enzyme treatment. Conditions comprising 0.63% Alcalase^® (w/w) at pH 8.0 and 52.5 °C for 3 h, followed by 0.13% papain (w/w) at pH 6.0 and 37 °C for 3 h, resulted in the highest yields of DH and peptide contents. The spray-dried microencapsulated powder improved the physicochemical properties including moisture content, color measurement, solubility, and particle morphology. In summary, the dual enzyme application involving the hydrolysis of Alcalase^® and papain, coupled with the spray-drying process, could be used to produced antioxidant CBH.

This investigation was performed to assess the influences of the host-associated probiotic Bacillus altitudinis B61-34b (BAA) on growth, immune response and disease resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish (25.50 ± 0.52 g fish⁻¹) were distributed into 15 aquaria (150 litres tank⁻¹) at density of 20 fish tank⁻¹. The fish were fed basal diets with BAA inclusions in different concentrations: 0 (BAA1—Control), 10⁶ (BAA2), 10⁷ (BAA3), 10⁸ (BAA4) and 10⁹ (BAA5) CFU ml⁻¹ for 8 weeks. A completely randomized design with three replications was used. The results indicated that BAA administration generated greater (p < 0.05) skin mucus and peroxidase activities compared to the control, with maximum levels recorded in BAA4 and BAA5. Higher serum immunities, such as serum lysozyme, serum peroxidase, complement, phagocytosis and respiratory burst activities were observed in the BAA4 and BAA5 dietary groups compared to the control, BAA1, BAA2 and BAA3 diets. The relative percentage of survival, growth performance and FCR were also significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the BAA4 and BAA5 groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of B. altitudinis at 10⁸ CFU ml⁻¹ can improve Nile tilapia's growth performance, skin mucus and serum immunities, and disease resistance.

The experiment was performed to examine the effect of Lactobacillus paracasei l61-27b (LP) isolated from Nile tilapia intestine on the growth rate, skin mucus and serum immune parameters and disease resistance. Fish (25.40 ± 0.33 g) were distributed into glass tank (150 litres tank⁻¹) at 20 fish tank⁻¹ and fed with different levels of dietary L. paracasei l61-27b: 0 (LP1), 10⁶ (LP2), 10⁷ (LP3), 10⁸ (LP4) and 10⁹ CFU mL⁻¹ (LP5) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that SGR, WG and FW significantly improved, while FCR significantly decreased, in fish fed LP supplemented. Dietary L. paracasei significantly increased SMLA and SMPA with the highest values recorded for fish in LP4 and LP5 groups. Similarly, SL, SP, ACH50, PI and RB were significantly stimulated in fish fed LP diet compared with fish fed control diet. Challenge study showed that in comparison with the control diet (20% survival), the survival rates of fish fed the L. paracasei were significantly (p < 0.05) higher; by 63.33% (LP2), 66.67% (LP3), 80.00% (LP4) and 83.33% for LP5. The relative per cent survival (RSP) was 54.17%, 58.33%, 75% and 79.17% in LP2, LP3, LP4 and LP5, respectively. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of L. paracasei can be potentially used in Nile tilapia to improve its growth and health status.

We investigated, herein, the effects of dietary inclusion of sugarcane bagasse powder (SB) on Nile tilapia development, mucosal and serum immunities, and relative immune and antioxidant genes. Fish (15.12 ± 0.04 g) were provided a basal diet (SB0) or basal diet incorporated with SB at 10 (SB10), 20 (SB20), 40 (SB40), or 80 (SB80) g kg⁻¹ for 8 weeks. Our results demonstrated that the dietary incorporation of sugarcane bagasse powder (SB) at 20 and 40 g kg⁻¹ significantly ameliorated FW, WG, and SGR as opposed to fish fed basal, SB10, and SB80 diets. However, no significant changes in FCR and survivability were observed between the SB supplemented diets and the control (basal diet). The mucosal immunity exhibited significantly higher SMLA and SMPA activities (p < 0.005) in fish treated with SB diets after eight weeks. The highest SMLA and SMPA levels were recorded in fish fed SB80 followed by SB20, SB40, and SB10, respectively. For serum immunity, fish fed SB incorporated diets significantly ameliorated SL and RB levels (p < 0.05) compared with the control. However, SP was not affected by the inclusion of SB in any diet throughout the experiment. The expression of IL1, IL8, LBP, GSTa, GPX, and GSR genes in the fish liver was significantly increased in fish fed the SB20 and SB10 diets relative to the basal diet fed fish (p < 0.05); whereas only the IL8, LBP, and GPX genes in the intestines were substantially augmented via the SB20 and SB80 diets (p < 0.05). IL1 and GSR were not influenced by the SB incorporated diets (p > 0.05). In summary, sugarcane bagasse powder (SB) may be applied as a feed additive to improve growth performance, immune response, and immune and antioxidant-related gene expression in Nile tilapia.

Food Science of Animal Resources (Food Sci. Anim. Resour.) is an international, peer-reviewed bimonthly journal publishing original research and reviews on basic and applied aspects of the use of animal resources including the meat, egg, dairy, and edible insect/worm products. Food Sci. Anim. Resour. is published and distributed by the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources.

Objective: The increasing consumer awareness of food, which can provide health benefits and potentially aid disease prevention, has become the driving force of the functional food market. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chicken genotype on the macronutrient content, bioactive peptide content, and antioxidant capacity within different breast meat.Methods: In this experiment, three genotypes of chicken, Thai indigenous, black-boned, and broiler (control), were reared with commercial feed under the same conditions. Thirty chickens were slaughtered at typical market age and the breasts were separated from the carcass to determine macronutrient content using the AOAC method. The antioxidant capacities of the chicken breasts were evaluated by in vitro antioxidant assays and the protein pattern was investigated using gel electrophoresis. Carnosine and anserine, which have antioxidant properties in animal tissue, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography.Results: The results showed that breast meat from Thai indigenous chickens had a greater macronutrient content and higher antioxidant capacity compared with the other genotypes (p<0.05). The protein pattern was similar between genotypes, however Thai indigenous chickens had the greatest myosin and actin content (p<0.05). In addition, carnosine and anserine values were greatest in the black-boned and Thai indigenous chickens compared with the broiler genotype (p<0.05).Conclusion: Thai indigenous chicken breast meat may be classified as a functional food as it has good nutritional value and is rich in antioxidant peptides.

The present study was performed to assess the proximate and nutrient content of rainbow trout flesh, cultured in the Doi Inthanon Fisheries Research Unit, Chiang Mai Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center, Thailand. 240 fish were randomly distributed across 12 cages with 20 fish cage-1. Sixteen individual fish from each cage were randomly collected at different ages of 10, 12 and 24 months. Body composition, pH, water-holding capacity, shear force, collagen content analysis, sensory, lipid oxidation, and fatty acids profile were evaluated. The results indicated that body composition and carcass length were significantly higher in fish aged 24 months, except for carcass and viscero-somatic index percentages (P ≤ 0.05). Fish at 24 months showed significantly higher pH, moisture, fat, shear force, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and total collagen content values than fish at 10 and 12 months (P ≤ 0.05). However, protein percentage, sensory measurement and water-holding capacity were significantly higher in younger fish at 10 and 12 months. The average lipid content and n-6/n-3 ratios were significantly greater in fish at 12 months and in ventral fillets (P ≤ 0.05). However, polyunsaturated fatty acids: saturated fatty acid ratio was higher in fish at 24 months and in dorsal fillets. In conclusion, rainbow trout cultured in sub-tropical, montane conditions can be valuable sources of protein, unsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acids, and docosahexaenoic acids.

Context: In order to maintain the availability of meat from indigenous chicken types in remote Asian regions with their special meat quality, novel ways of increasing efficiency are needed. One way could consist of crossbreeding with layer type chickens that are genetically quite distant from indigenous breeds. Aim: The three hypotheses tested were as follows: that the meat quality of indigenous chickens differs from that of broilers; that the meat quality of male layer chickens resembles that of indigenous chickens rather than that of broilers; and that crossbreds of indigenous chickens and layer types overall are superior to the respective purebreds. Methods: We studied carcass and meat quality of crossbreds of Thai indigenous Pradu Hang Dam (PD) and Rhode Island Red (RR) layers, and compared them with the corresponding purebreds and a commercial broiler type (Ross) in a complete randomised design. Chickens were reared in 4 × 5 pens with 10 chickens each for 120 days (Ross: 45 days). Key results: The crossbreds were superior to PD and RR in body and carcass weight, as well as breast meat percentage, but in Ross the latter was 1.7 times higher. The Ross meat was lighter, more yellow and less red and had a higher intramuscular fat content and drip loss and a lower thawing loss and shear force than that of the three other types. Nucleotide content was either similar in all chicken types or lower in Ross meat. Ross meat was more susceptible to lipid oxidation than that of the three other types although the Ross muscles lipids contained less polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conclusion: Considering the better carcass yield and breast meat proportion, crossbreeding of indigenous chickens with a layer breed likely is be economically advantageous. Implications: Overall, fattening of crossbreds turned out to be a valid alternative to improve fattening systems and to preserve the specific meat quality of indigenous chickens.