Gilberto Ochoa

Gilberto Ochoa

*This is an algorithmically generated author record based on publicly available information.

Current Organizations / Institutes

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Previous Organizations / Institutes

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Gilberto Ochoa has a total of 37 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:


Latest Publications

  • Open Access

    Performance, Fragility and Robustness for a Class of Quasi-Polynomials of Degree Two

    by Raúl Villafuerte-Segura, Guillermo Oaxaca-Adams, Gilberto Ochoa-Ortega, Mario Ramirez-Neria

    In recent years the use of delayed controllers has increased considerably, since they can attenuate noise, replace derivative actions, avoid the construction of observers, and reduce the use of extra sensors, while maintaining inherent insensitivity to high-frequency noise. Therefore, it is important to continue improving the tuning of these controllers, including properties such as performance, fragility and robustness that may be beneficial for this purpose. However, currently most studies prioritize tuning using only the performance property, some others only the fragility property, and some less only the robustness property. This work provides the first rigorous joint analysis of performance, fragility, and robustness for a class of systems whose characteristic equation is a quasi-polynomial of degree two, filling a gap in the current literature. Thus, necessary and sufficient conditions are proposed to improve the tuning of delayed-action controllers by ensuring a exponential decay rate on the convergence of the closed-loop system response (performance) and by ensuring stabilization and/or trajectory tracking in the face of changes in system parameters (robustness) and controllers gains (fragility). To illustrate and corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results, a real-time implementation is presented on a mobile prototype consisting of an omnidirectional mobile robot, to streamline/guarantee trajectory tracking in response to variations in controller gains and robot parameters. This implementation and application of theoretical results are possible thanks to the proposal of a novel delayed nonlinear controller and some simple but strategic algebraic manipulations that reduce the original problem to the study of a quasi-polynomial of degree 9 with three commensurable delays. Finally, our results are compared with a classical proportional nonlinear controller showing that our proposal is relevant.


  • Open Access

    State Observer for Time Delay Systems Applied to SIRS Compartmental Epidemiological Model for COVID-19

    by Raúl Villafuerte-Segura, Jorge A. Hernández-Ávila, Gilberto Ochoa-Ortega, Mario Ramirez-Neria

    This manuscript presents a Luenberger-type state observer for a class of nonlinear systems with multiple delays. Sufficient conditions are provided to ensure practical stability of the error dynamics. The exponential decay of the observation error dynamics is guaranteed through the use of Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals and the feasibility of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Additionally, a time delay SIRS compartmental epidemiological model is introduced, where the time delays correspond to the transition rates between compartments. The model considers that a portion of the recovered population becomes susceptible again after a period that follows its recovery. Three time delays are considered, representing the exchange of individuals between the following compartments: τ1,2,3, the time it takes for an individual to recover from the disease, the time it takes for an individual to lose immunity to the disease, and the incubation period associated to the disease. It is shown that the effective reproduction number of the model depends on the rate at which the susceptible population becomes infected and, after a period of incubation, starts to be infectious, and the fraction of the infectious that recovers after a a certain period of time. An estimation problem is then addressed for the resulting delay model. The observer is capable of estimating the compartmental populations of Susceptible S(t) and Recovered R(t) based solely on the real data available, which correspond to the Infectious population Ir(t). The Ir(t) data used for the state estimation are from a 55-day period of the pandemic in Mexico, reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), before vaccination.


  • Open Access

    Trajectory Tracking of a 2-Degrees-of-Freedom Serial Flexible Joint Robot Using an Active Disturbance Rejection Controller Approach

    by Mario Ramŕez-Neria, Gilberto Ochoa-Ortega, Alejandro Toro-Ossaba, Eduardo G. Hernandez-Martinez, Alexandro López-González, Juan C. Tejada

    This paper presents the development of an Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (ADRC) to address the trajectory tracking problem of a 2DOF (Degrees of Freedom) Serial Flexible Robot. The proposed approach leverages differential flatness theory to determine the system’s flat output, simplifying the trajectory tracking problem into a linear state feedback control with disturbance rejection. A set of a Generalized Proportional Integral Observer (GPIO) and Luenberger observers is employed to estimate the derivatives of the flat output and both internal and external disturbances in real time. The control law is experimentally validated on a 2DOF Serial Flexible Robot prototype developed by Quanser. Quantitative results demonstrate that the ADRC achieves superior performance compared to a partial state feedback control scheme, with a Mean Squared Error (MSE) as low as 1.0651 × 10−5 rad2 for trajectory tracking. The ADRC effectively suppresses oscillations, minimizes high-frequency noise and reduces saturation effects, even under external disturbances. These findings underscore the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method for underactuated flexible systems.


  • Open Access

    State Observer for Time-Delay Systems Applied a Sir Compartmental Epidemiological Model for the COVID-19

    by Raúl Villafuerte Segura, Gilberto Ochoa Ortega, Jorge Antonio Hernández Ávila, Mario Ramirez Neria

    In this paper a Luenberger-type state observer for a class of nonlinear systems with multiple delays is presented. Sufficient conditions are provided to guarantee practical stability of the error dynamics. An exponential decay of the observation error dynamics is assured using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals and the feasibility of Linear Matrix Inequalities. Also, a time-delay SIR compartmental epidemiological model is presented. Time delay corresponds to the transition rates between compartments. The model considers that a part of the recovered population becomes susceptible again after a period following recovery. Three time-delays are incorporated due to the exchange of individuals between the population compartments: $\tau_{1,2,3}$, for the dead-times of recovery, immunity loss and incubation, respectively. It is shown that the effective reproduction number of the delay model depends on the rate of the susceptible population which became infected but after a period starts to be infectious and the fraction of the infectious recovered after a time-delay. For the resulting delay model, the problem of state estimation is addressed. To illustrate the efficiency and performance of the proposed observer, we apply the developed results to the COVID-19 pandemic. The observer can estimate the compartmental populations of Susceptible $S(t)$ and Recovered $R(t)$ from only the availability of real data of the Infectious compartmental population $I_r(t)$. The $I_r(t)$ confirmed data used for the state estimation are from a 55-day window with the highest impact on the Mexican population, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO).


  • Open Access

    Estabilidad de Lyapunov del control visual PD en un robot plano paralelo

    by Miguel Angel Trujano-Cabrera, Gilberto Ochoa-Ortega, Humiko Y. Hernández-Acosta

    En este trabajo se estudia la estabilidad de reguladores, con acciones proporcional y derivativa, que usan información visual para el control de posición de robots planos paralelos. Para esto, se hace una revisión bibliográfica breve de técnicas empleadas en esta clase de mecanismos, así como de técnicas empleadas en mecanismos de cadena cinemática abierta para asegurar estabilidad. Se presenta el análisis de estabilidad utilizando funciones de Lyapunov estrictas que junto con el empleo del segundo método de estabilidad de Lyapunov aseguran que los sistemas en lazo cerrado obtenidos sean asintóticamente estables en un punto de equilibrio, diferenciándose así de los análisis usuales donde se requieren funciones candidatas de Lyapunov especiales junto con teoremas de estabilidad global como el teorema de Barbashin-Krasovski o el principio de invariancia de La Salle. Los algoritmos de control visual propuestos, haciendo uso de estimación de velocidad a partir de mediciones de posición, calculan los pares necesarios en las articulaciones activas del robot paralelo para así poder mover el órgano terminal a la posición deseada. Finalmente, el desempeño del control propuesto se evalúa en un prototipo de laboratorio y se ilustran los correspondientes resultados experimentales.

  • Open Access

    Estabilización práctica de un helicóptero de 3-GDL empleando una ley de control con retardo

    by Ismael Barrera-González, Raúl Villafuerte-Segura, Gilberto Ochoa-Ortega

    Comúnmente, en el diseño y sintonización de leyes de control para aplicaciones fuera del ámbito académico, se suelen emplear criterios relacionados con la teoría de Lyapunov. Sin embargo, en algunas ocasiones este tipo de criterios no son los más convenientes, debido principalmente a la existencia de algunas dinámicas no modeladas de los sistemas bajo estudio. En este artículo se presenta un análisis riguroso para determinar la estabilización práctica de una clase de sistemas no lineales con dinámicas inciertas empleando funcionales de Lyapunov-Krasovskii que incluyen términos exponenciales. Derivado de este análisis, se establecen condiciones suficientes de estabilidad práctica dadas por desigualdades lineales matriciales (LMIs, por sus siglas en inglés), las cuales se emplean para el diseño y sintonización de leyes de control que cuentan con una acción retardada y una acción integral, con las cuales, se busca la atenuación del ruido y la reducción del error en estado estacionario. Para ilustrar la efectividad y aplicabilidad de los resultados obtenidos, se presentan simulaciones y experimentos sobre un helicóptero de tres grados de libertad (3-GDL).

  • Open Access

    Cascade Delayed Controller Design for a Class of Underactuated Systems

    by G. Ochoa-Ortega, R. Villafuerte-Segura, A. Luviano-Juárez, M. Ramírez-Neria, N. Lozada-Castillo

    In this paper, a delayed control strategy for a class of nonlinear underactuated fourth-order systems is developed. The proposal is based on the implementation of the tangent linearization technique, differential flatness, and a study of the σ-stabilization of the characteristic equation of the closed-loop system. The tangent linearization technique allows obtaining a local controllability property for the analyzed class of systems. Also, it can reduce the complexity of the global control design, through the use of a cascade connection of two second-order controllers instead of designing a global controller of the fourth-order system. The stabilizing behavior of the delayed controller design is supported by the σ-stability criterion, which provides the controller parameter selection to reach the maximum exponential decay rate on the system response. To illustrate the efficiency of the theoretical results, the proposal is experimentally assessed in two cases of study: a flexible joint system and a pendubot.


  • Discrete-Time Active Disturbance Rejection Control: A Delta Operator Approach

    by Mario Ramírez-Neria, Alberto Luviano-Juárez, Norma Lozada-Castillo, Gilberto Ochoa-Ortega, Rafal Madonski


  • Dynamic and plasmonic response exhibited by Au nanoparticles suspended in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluids

    by S. Morales-Bonilla, H. Martines-Arano, D. Torres-Torres, G. Ochoa-Ortega, C. Carrillo-Delgado, M. Trejo-Valdez, C. Torres-Torres