Oleg Yurin

A survey and assessment of the technical condition of basement and semi-basement structures in public buildings aged 60 to 130 years were conducted to evaluate their suitability for use as basic shelters. Based on the survey results, the most adverse impacts were identified, including changes in groundwater levels, improper building operation, and the characteristic damages to underground structural elements. Structural solutions were proposed to eliminate the consequences of these damages. The reviewed cases indicate that the vertical and horizontal waterproofing systems used during construction cannot perform their function throughout the building’s entire life cycle. When designing new buildings, waterproof materials should be used for the enclosing structures of underground premises. While this may have a higher initial cost than membrane or coating waterproofing, considering life-cycle costs, it can provide a positive economic effect and improve the quality and comfort of the indoor environment.

The monograph is dedicated to the study of temperature-humidity effects on the technical condition of buildings with brick walls. It analyzes moisture-related damage that affects the durability of structures and the causes of its occurrence. The work is based on the authors’ previously published scientific studies, which included field surveys and modeling of temperature-humidity regimes in building structures. The proposed practical solutions aim to improve the operational reliability of buildings.

The rationality of the constructive solution of foundations and plinths of buildings depends on the amount of moisture in the soil. It is influenced by the level of groundwater, atmospheric precipitation, the quality of the vertical planning of the area around the building, the quality of construction work when forming a paving in the near-wall part of the building and the presence of hard coatings in the improvement of the area around the building. In order to determine rational structural solutions that prevent the building plinths from getting wet, a retrospective analysis of the design options for building plinths in different time periods was carried out. The period from the middle of the 19th century to the present is considered, because during this period a number of changes occurred related to socio-economic transformations in society and significant scientific and technological progress. As a result of a retrospective analysis of waterproofing structures at the foundation parts of the walls, it was found that until 1953 in domestic construction practice there was no mandatory requirement for such waterproofing due to the lack of mass production of appropriate materials. Since 1956, with the transition of construction practices to an industrial basis, they have been developed as typical options for waterproofing walls using mass-produced materials. In modern conditions of construction practice, especially in such areas as reconstruction and restoration, it is necessary to use an individual approach to solve local problems of waterproofing the walls of buildings.

This paper investigates the conditions under which moisture condensation occurs on the surface of the bottom chord of a steel truss at the ceiling level of the attic hall of a historical building in Poltava, Ukraine. Moisture condensation on steel structural elements leads to steel corrosion and a decrease in the thickness of structural elements. As a result, the load-bearing capacity of both individual elements and the entire structure can be reduced. This paper describes how different parameters affect the process of condensate formation on the surface of steel bottom chord angles of the truss. Three parameters are investigated: the filling of the gap between the angles and precast reinforced concrete elements resting on the lower flange of the angles with thermal insulation; the filling of the gap between the two angles of the bottom chord of the truss with thermal insulation; and the possibility of detachment of the different sizes of finishing layer from the bottom flange surface of the angles. Verification calculations of the possibility of condensation forming on the metal surfaces of the bottom chord of trusses were also performed for the developed design solutions for restoration.

In the article the authors analyze the effects of reinforced concrete structures of the coating during operation, depending on the type of coating structure, ro