Zhenyu Xiao

This review links reaction mechanisms, dynamic structural evolution, electronic descriptors, catalyst modification strategies, interfacial regulation, and PEMWE prospects for RuO ₂ -based acidic OER catalysts.

Bismuth-based materials are promising for aqueous energy storage with excellent performance and greenness. In-depth mechanism and optimal design will boost large-scale use for sustainable energy.

Few-layer C ₆₀ -network-supported Bi composite delivers high specific capacity and excellent cycling stability, owing to its large specific surface area, rich mesoporous channels, enhanced OH ⁻ adsorption and robust anchoring effect.

This review systematically constructs the “orbital engineering” framework from a unique perspective, clarifying how to break through the limitations of traditional descriptors and guide the rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts.

In this work, we develop an in situ catalytic bridging strategy to construct a crosslinked CNT network in the core–shell gap, creating continuous conductive pathways that mitigate interfacial charge transport and enable fast electron/ion transfer.

Although the carbon matrix encapsulated functioned LDH should be an ideal model to solve the kinetics and durability issues of cathode materials of aqueous alkaline zinc batteries (AAZBs), the construction of this target structure remains synthetically challenging, due to the thermal instability of LDH. In this work, we develop a redox‐driven in situ etching strategy to construct a strongly coupled Cu ₂ S/CoNi‐LDH heterojunction within an octahedral carbon matrix (Cu ₂ S/LDH@C). The strong coupled Cu ₂ S/LDH hetero‐interface builds a robust built‐in electric field (BEF) with 2.39 electrons transferred from LDH to Cu ₂ S, which is beneficial for enhanced reaction kinetics. Furthermore, the 3D carbon network serves as a confined framework that mitigates the volume effect during the charging/discharging process. The optimized Cu ₂ S/LDH@C electrode delivers a high specific capacity of 235.6 mAh g ⁻¹ (1696.0 F g ⁻¹ ) at 1 A g ⁻¹ , and maintains 82.1% of its initial capacity after 10,000 cycles. The assembled Cu ₂ S/LDH@C//rGO‐Zn device achieves a remarkable energy density of 254.7 Wh kg ⁻¹ at 0.45 kW kg ⁻¹ power density. This redox‐driven in situ etching strategy provides a general and reliable pathway for constructing carbon‐encapsulated heterostructures, opening a possible pathway for electrode design that simultaneously addresses kinetics and stability issues in advanced energy storage systems.

This review systematically summarizes recent progress in the field of the supercapacitors, covering three primary material categories: pristine MOFs, MOF-derived porous carbons, and MOF-derived transition metal compounds.

The development of high-performance chlorine evolution reaction (CER) catalysts with low noble metal content, superior selectivity, and excellent stability is urgently needed to address the limitations of commercial Ru/Ir-based catalysts, such as high cost, severe OER competition, and nanoparticle instability. In this study, an innovative strategy is employed to fabricate a CoRu@CN catalyst by leveraging polydopamine-derived nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres to immobilize cobalt–ruthenium (CoRu) alloy nanoparticles through robust metal–nitrogen coordination bonds, while optimizing the electronic structure via bimetallic synergy and nitrogen-induced modulation. The as-prepared CoRu@CN catalyst exhibits outstanding CER performance, with a remarkably low overpotential of 154 mV at 100 mA cm⁻², a favorable Tafel slope of 68.18 mV dec⁻¹, and a high chlorine selectivity of 97–99% in 5 M NaCl (pH = 2), along with a 3.8-fold enhancement in the electrochemically active surface area, attributed to the defect-rich active sites generated by doping. Mechanistic investigations reveal that CoRu@CN operates via the Volmer–Krishtalik (V–K) pathway, where the kinetics of the rate-determining Krishtalik step is significantly promoted at elevated potentials. Meanwhile, the nitrogen-doped carbon scaffold not only suppresses nanoparticle agglomeration and phase separation through metal–nitrogen coordination but also enhances mass transport and conductivity, contributing to the catalyst's exceptional durability with 99.3% activity retention after 100 hours of testing. This work not only solves the long-standing industrial problem of nanoparticle instability in CER catalysis but also provides a novel design strategy for developing corrosion-resistant, high-efficiency electrocatalysts, highlighting the potential of CoRu@CN for scalable and energy-efficient chlor-alkali electrolysis.

This study focuses on TMPs as H ₂ -production catalysts for seawater electrolysis, and asummarize Ca ²⁺ /Mg ²⁺ issues, Cl ⁻ poisoning, and strategies to enhance TMPs’ HER activity in seawater.