Francisca Bruna Arruda Aragão

The theme of this study is nursing care for autistic children in primary health care, in which it was proposed to discuss the importance of nursing with regard to children with ASD. The aim was to analyze nursing care in primary care for autistic children. This is an integrative review, carried out on the following databases: SciELO, LILACS, BDENF and MEDLINE, using the respective descriptors: Primary health care AND Nursing AND Autism Spectrum Disorder, between the years 2013 to 2023. The articles were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: studies available in full and free of charge in Portuguese, published in the last five years and whose results met the objectives of this study. Duplicate articles were excluded, and after reading them in full, it was found that they did not meet the objectives proposed by the research. It was observed that this type of disorder can be designated as alterations in neurodevelopment, which can be manifested through communication deficits, atypical development, poor intra- and extra-family interaction, repetitive patterns and behavioral manifestations. In this way, nursing plays a very important role with parents and children, providing the necessary and correct support to this family, helping them to care for the child and reinforcing their self-care, thus providing important information for a better understanding of the disorder and encouraging parents in their care.

Introduction: In Brazil, it is estimated that 7,092 deaths from tuberculosis (TB) could be avoided by 2035 due to the progressive reduction in treatment drop-out. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile, as well as the georeferencing of TB cases reported in the Maranhão region from 2014 to 2021, in order to assist in the development of local strategies for better control of this disease. Materials and Methods: This was an ecological time-series study. Secondary data were collected through the Notifiable Diseases Infor-mation System (SINAN) covering the epidemiological period of patients who had TB from January 2019 to December 2023. Data were analyzed using STATA 15.0 software, and linear regression analysis was performed to verify the existence of a functional relationship between a dependent or response variable. Results: The variables related to clinical characteristics that showed the highest prevalence included diagnosis and confirmed cases in the north-ern region of the state of Maranhão, and the mode of transmission was pulmo-nary TB. On the other hand, the absence of TB showed a higher prevalence in relation to the year of diagnosis and the variables related to comorbidities such as AIDS, diabetes, alcoholism, mental illness, illicit drug use, and smoking. Conclusion: The high TB rates have significant implications for public health. Governments need to implement control strategies, especially in areas with the highest concentration of cases, located in urban areas, and among specific demographic groups, which require targeted interventions.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious global public health problem. This study aims to map the spatial distribution of TB cases in Maranhão, identifying areas with the highest concentration of cases. This is an ecological study using TB data reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) in Maranhão between 2011 and 2023. Exploratory spatial analysis was conducted to determine the dynamics of TB. Case density was classified using the Kernel Density Estimator, with geocoding of the residential addresses of cases using Google Earth Pro. A total of 18,668 TB cases were reported in Maranhão. The spatial analysis revealed a heterogeneous distribution of cases, with significant concentrations in the North and East regions of the state, especially in the municipalities of São José do Ribamar and São Luís. Most cases were registered in the areas covered by the Regional Health Units (RHU) of the North, West, and East districts, with the South region presenting a lower density of cases. The identification of hotspots in the northern and eastern regions of Maranhão should guide the allocation of resources and the development of more effective control programs. The findings provide a solid basis for future research and public health actions to combat TB.

A pneumonia é um grande problema de saúde pública mundialmente, os fatores que podem ser influentes na prevalência dessa doença são os aspectos de sazonalidade climática, existem diversas teorias sobre como o tempo e o clima podem influenciar a ocorrência de influenza e consequentemente o número de internações e óbitos por pneumonia. A região nordeste é uma das mais afetadas, e um dos fatores relacionados podem ser os fatores climáticos. Este artigo terá como objetivo analisar a prevalência de pneumonia no Estado do Maranhão na série histórica entre 2011 á 2020 e sua correlação com variáveis climáticas. Foi realizado um estudo ecológico de série temporal, tendo como unidade de análise o Estado do Maranhão, Brasil, no período entre 2011 2020, utilizando dados secundários de fontes públicas. Observou-se uma diminuição na prevalência dos casos pneumonia nos últimos anos, porém em todos os anos quando avaliado pelo recorte de meses, há uma maior prevalência nos meses de março a junho, período chuvoso. Os testes de correlação somados aos dados descritivos corroboraram para a hipótese inicial do estudo da relação entre ocorrência da pneumonia e dados sazonais climáticos. Os dados encontrados podem servir de subsídio às esferas públicas de saúde para o manejo de estratégias e ferramentas para o diagnóstico precoce, além das ações preventivas.

Objective: To present and discuss how volunteer work impacts the suffering of volunteers with HIV who care for other people with the disease. Method: This is a qualitative and descriptive study, developed in an NGO for people with HIV, in the city of São Luís, Maranhão. Data were produced through 14 semi-structured interviews, and ninety-six hours of participant observation, recorded in a field diary in 2014/2015. The thematic analysis discussed volunteer work, life and work, life at work and missionary motivation. Results: missionary motivation is the driving force for working in this area and valuing others is a basic principle. Motivations based on religious philosophies characterize solidarity by similarity, in which followers share the same values. This strength is what keeps volunteers at the institution dealing with the pain and suffering of others, often equals in illness. Final considerations: There is a need to create other forms of work, or a solidarity economy, in order to sustain the permanence of voluntary work in the NGO, in the face of external pressures for economic subsistence.

O envelhecimento é um processo fisiológico, marcado pela necessidade de cuidados. A segurança do paciente no contexto hospitalar deve ser integralizada de forma a evitar riscos de quedas. Objetivou-se analisar a assistência de Enfermagem no cuidado ao idoso no ambiente hospitalar. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas principais bases de dados, a saber: SciELO, Lilacs, MEDLINE e Pubmed, utilizando os seguintes descritores combinados com descritores booleanos: “Segurança do paciente” AND “Serviços de saúde para idosos” AND “Eventos adversos”. Entre dezembro de 2013 a março de 2023; disponíveis na íntegra de forma gratuita e cujos resultados cumpriam com os objetivos deste estudo, em português e inglês. Como critérios de exclusão foram adotados artigos redigidos em outras línguas que não sejam as descritas anteriormente; publicações anteriores a dezembro de 2017; textos não disponíveis de forma gratuita na íntegra; teses, monografias, estudos de revisão bibliográficas e textos repetidos. Os resultados apontam que existe uma falha no cuidado integral ao paciente hospitalizado. Portanto, torna-se importante medidas de segurança aos pacientes.

Objetivos: analisar os efeitos da auriculoterapia na saúde mental de indivíduos com ansiedade na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

Objectives: to analyze the effects of auriculotherapy on the mental health of individuals with anxiety in Primary Healthcare.

Introduction: Acute respiratory infections are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in Brazil. Pneumonia is largely responsible for this high rate, and children are the most affected age group. Objective: To characterize the clinical and epidemiological profile of children infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HR) treated at public hospitals in the city of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Methods: Retrospective research with a quantitative approach carried out using the medical records of 1,658 pediatric patients from March 2020 to March 2021 admitted to three public hospitals. Collection was a check list aiming to obtain sociodemographic information, symptomatology, exams, treatment, and outcome (viral panel). The Chi-square test was performed for the association between the variable viral panel and the clinical and epidemiological data, with p<0.20. For Poisson regression fitted for significant variables,a p<0.05 was adopted. Results: 91.93% of cases were caused by RSV, with 83.87% occurring in São Luís (p=0.02 when associated with the viral panel), frequent in women (56.45%), and prevalent in the age group between two to 11 months (46.77%). Cough (91.94%) and fever (75.81%) were the most common signs and symptoms. Abdominal pain was statistically associated with the viral panel (p=0.02). Prematurity was the most frequent comorbidity (9.68%). Imaging, X-ray (54.84%), laboratory tests, blood count (93.55%) are the most common. Antibiotic therapy was used in 96.77%, and all cases led to death, associated with hemorrhage (96.77%). However, the fitted regression analysis showed no association between RSV and HR and clinical and epidemiological variables. Conclusion: RSV is an agent that causes severe respiratory infections in children and infants. It circulated during the COVID-19 pandemic period, making it extremely important to differentiate between the agents. The data obtained make it possible to plan effective strategies for the prevention, control, and treatment of these diseases, avoiding the abusive use of medication and reducing morbidity and mortality rates in children.

O ambiente acadêmico se torna mais estressante quando não há condições e atividades adequadas que permitam o desenvolvimento saudável da socialização que incentive a comunicação entre alunos, professores e família com a sociedade. Objetivou-se analisar o sofrimento psicológico de acadêmicos do curso de enfermagem oriundos de uma Instituição Ensino Superior da ilha de São Luís – MA. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e analítica, com o uso da análise temática para o tratamento dos dados empíricos. A inclusão dos participantes se deu pela inclusão progressiva através do critério de saturação. Os comentários dos participantes foram analisados e classificados nas seguintes categorias: separação dos pais; responsabilidade de ser o filho mais velho; violência sexual na infância; impactos negativos na saúde mental; uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas; religião como meio para resolução de sofrimentos. Os estudantes relataram vivência de abandono familiar na infância após a separação dos pais, perdas do período infantil por terem que cuidar e se responsabilizar pelos irmãos menores, vivência de violência sexual por parte de familiares e conhecidos, pensamentos suicidas, entre outros sofrimentos.