Jennifer Greif Green

Given high rates of trauma experienced by youth, many preK-12 schools have embedded trauma-informed approaches (De France et al., 2022; Larson et al., 2017; McKay et al., 2021; Nguyen et al., 2022;...

Adolescence is characterized by identity formation (Branje et al., 2021) and can include exploration of one’s sexual orientation identity (SOI) and gender identity (GI) (Fausto-Sterling, 2012; Sriv...

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of Psychology in the Schools ( PITS ), the second‐longest‐running journal in the field of school psychology. Since its founding in 1964, PITS has served as a central outlet for research and practice focused on the intersection of psychology and education, with an emphasis on advancing the practice of school psychology. The paper highlights the enduring legacy of PITS in advancing school psychology practice, including the journal's origins, editorial leadership, and evolving scope, including contributions from editors William A. Hunt, B. Claude Mathis, Gerald B. Fuller, LeAdelle Phelps, David E. McIntosh, and the incoming editor Shane R. Jimerson. A decade‐by‐decade analysis illustrates the major themes represented in the journal, including role definition and assessment in the 1960s, consultation and behavior change in the 1970s, mainstreaming and intervention research in the 1980s, data‐based decision‐making and discipline in the 1990s, workforce issues and Response to Intervention (RTI) in the 2000s, equity and prevention science in the 2010s, and mental health, crisis readiness, and Multi‐Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS) in the 2020s. The article also highlights the contemporary emphasis of PITS in advancing the practice of school psychology internationally. Representative articles from each decade are cited and summarized, demonstrating how PITS has consistently bridged research and practice to support students, educators, and the profession of school psychology. The article also describes the vision of the leadership team, emphasizing three intertwined priorities: strengthening the quality and timeliness of the peer review process, advancing rigorous scholarship that directly informs practice, and expanding diversity, equity, and inclusion across the journal's leadership, contributors, and published research.

Disasters and public health emergencies raise child/adolescent risk for posttraumatic stress (PTS). This study examined prospective predictors of COVID-related PTS in a large sample of U.S. and Canadian youth. Demographics, pre-pandemic contextual factors, baseline clinical factors, and pandemic experiences were examined. We hypothesized pandemic proximity/exposure and pandemic-related financial hardship in the first seven months, as well as baseline resource insecurity, internalizing symptoms, and female gender, would predict subsequent COVID-related PTS. A prospective two-wave study of English- or Spanish-speaking youth ages 5-17 years (N = 1,413; 46.2% female; 33.4% racial/ethnic minority youth), and their caregivers, was conducted. The sample was recruited via crowdsourcing methods (e.g. existing community samples, advertisements, online recruitment). Data were collected via online caregiver-report surveys. Recruitment began 3/20/2020 (M = 6.56 months later (7 months into pandemic). Maximum likelihood estimation linear regression indicated baseline internalizing problems, pre-pandemic food insecurity, and COVID-19-related financial hardship predicted youth PTS at follow-up, whereas COVID-19 proximity/exposure and youth gender, age, and race/ethnicity did not. Youth with baseline internalizing problems had eight times the odds of developing probable PTSD than youth without baseline internalizing problems. The effect of COVID-19-related financial hardship on PTS was particularly high among youth who went into the pandemic with food insecurity. The financial toll the pandemic took on a child's family and whether there were pre-pandemic mental health or resource-related vulnerabilities may have been more determinant of individual youth PTS than the child's degree of direct COVID-19 proximity or family exposure.

Multiple federal agencies reported concern about worsening mental health among United States youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, data limitations made it challenging to quantify the impact of the pandemic on youth social-emotional well-being. In this chapter, we review literature on change in student social-emotional well-being during the pandemic and leverage two data sources to estimate change in bullying and depressive symptoms. First, using Google Trends data, we demonstrate a decrease in online searches for school bullying during and following the pandemic but an increase in cyberbullying searches. Second, we replicate these findings with Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey data and additionally find depressive symptoms were rising prior to the pandemic and continued to increase in the year following. Further, we document a widening gender gap in depressive symptoms for females. We provide recommendations for improved data collection to monitor changes in youth social-emotional well-being during crises and to measure inequities.

Metabolic mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of major adverse cardiovascular (CV) event (MACE) risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) remain unclear. We hypothesized that circulating metabolites reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction predict incident MACE in T2D. Targeted mass-spectrometry profiling of 60 metabolites was performed on baseline plasma samples from the Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS; discovery cohort) and Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL; validation cohort) biomarker substudy cohorts. A principal components analysis metabolite factor comprising medium-chain acylcarnitines (MCACs) was associated with MACE in TECOS and validated in EXSCEL, with higher levels associated with higher MACE risk. Meta-analysis showed that long-chain acylcarnitines (LCACs) and dicarboxylacylcarnitines were also associated with MACE. Metabolites remained associated with MACE in multivariate models and favorably changed with exenatide therapy. A third cohort (Cardiac Catheterization Genetics [CATHGEN]) with T2D was assessed to determine whether these metabolites improved discriminative capability of multivariate models for MACE. Nine metabolites (MCACs and LCACs and 1 dicarboxylacylcarnitine) were associated with time to MACE in the CATHGEN cohort. Addition of these metabolites to clinical models minimally improved the discriminative capability for MACE but did significantly down reclassify risk. Thus, metabolites reporting on dysregulated mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation are present in higher levels in individuals with T2D who experience subsequent MACE. These biomarkers may improve CV risk prediction models, be therapy responsive, and highlight emerging risk mechanisms.